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PLSC TEST 1
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| power | capacity to influence or control the behavior of others |
| security | process by which actors seek to proctect themselves |
| National and international security | freedom from physical threats from other states and nonstate actors |
| economic security | freedom from poverty, material deprevation, lack of access to resources |
| Human Security | freedom from threats to quality of life form, human rights violation, climate change, disease |
| Hard power | military force |
| soft power | economic, diplomatic, political |
| coercion | force or threat of force |
| I.S 3rd level: Systemic | the entire (as a whole) International system: Ex. Russia vs Ukr. Russia seeks power and influence in region and challenges declining western powers |
| I.S 2nd level: State | National governmental and politics. Russia vs Ukraine bc allegded threats to Russ speaking ukr and fascist threat to russ |
| I.S 1st: Individual | human nature: Putin says demise of sov. un. was the worst event of 20th cent. |
| Nature of powers in intrnl system | -uneven distributed -some countries have large endowments of hard/soft/neither power -some types of power of more fungible |
| fungible | assets that can be used in one area to influence another. Ex money, economic power transfer in finance into military/pay other countries to protect yours |
| not fungible | nuclear weapons |
| Prisoners dilemma | best outcome: both stay silent. |
| Self help | actors take steps to make sure they are secure |
| Grand theories | How IR specialists study the is |
| Nation-state | has identifiable population; located w in and defined and recognized territorial borders with a soveirgn gov |
| Stateless People | People who are not claimed as citizen and cannot claim so ex Palestinians that are living w/ in Gaza |
| Origin of States: Origins; Treaty of Westphalia | Ended 30 war soldiers = civilians; catholic vs protestant; ended with the creation of nation-states as primary actors |
| Diplomacy | embassies allow states to represent themselves to each other; formally recognized |
| Westphalian Vs. Neowestphalian | States are supreme and only important actors in IS; Sates make room for multinational cooperations, non gov org, internation org , and individuals Ex Doctors w out borders |
| Constructivism | Importance of ideas, collective identities, social construction of reality. Stresses the ideational aspects of power; reality socially constructed >we live in a world of our own making |
| Norms | Beliefs, perspectives on and about the international system |
| Hobbesian Anarchy | States are adversaries. Conflict is a normal part of their competition over power and survival (realism) |
| Lockean Anarchy | states view each other as rivals, but cooperation is possible (liberalism) |
| Kantian Anarchy | States operate under anarchy but can come to see each other as friends that share values. They can find peaceful ways to settle disputes (constructivism) |
| rational actor assumptions | agents try to be rational, but there are limits and bounds to their ability |
| groupthink | everyone sees the world the same way and this biases decision making |
| polythink | everyone sees the world in different ways, and this makes decision making incoherent |
| Marxism | behavior of states in international system determined by where they fit in the international capitalist heirarchy of control over wealth, productions of wealth and recources. |
| Core | wealthy industrialized countries that control global wealth |
| periphery | poor, non-industrialized countries that provide natural resources labor to core |
| semiperiphery | industrializatizing countries w attributes of core periphery |
| Feminism | gender and how it affects, and is affected by international system. |
| Difference feminism | men and women are different; have diff styles of leading inherently |
| liberal feminism | giving women more say will bring a greater, diversity to discussion of IR and foreign policy, providing opportunities to focus on different challenges and to come up w different fixes |
| Conflict | war, violence, threat |
| war | organized violent conflict between 2+ political actors (usually over territory, recourses influence, authority, ideology) |
| Security | process by which actors seek to protect themselves from conflict |
| Carl Von Clausewitz | War is the continuation of politics; Absolute or total war concept |
| Absolute war | Whole economy military |
| total war | civilian involvement and conflict |
| Interstate war | war between two or more states ex WWI WWII |
| Intrastate war | Wars w in states that involve non state actors ex civil wars |
| Extrastate war | wars involving combinations of states and nonstate actors, usually in external territory EX colonial, GWOT |
| conventional war | dont use WMAD |
| inconventional war | use WMAD or guerilla |
| general wars | participants use full might |
| limited wars | participants dont use full might |
| Asymmetric Wars | terrorism = political violence by non-state actors against civilian targets that is intended to influence an audience outside victims |
| Why do wars begin? | realism: disruption of power balance liberalism: barriers to cooperation lack of interdependence constructivism: weakened norms, changing clash of norms foreign policy: policy decisions of states marxism: unequal distribution wealth |
| explaining civil war | poverty; greed vs grievance |
| Greed | combatants motivated by desire to control wealth and recourses |
| Grievances | combatants motivated by sense of relative deprivation |
| Deterrence | Pursuading a potential enemy not to attack by threating retaliation. can discourage attacks against you or your allies |
| Defense | Deploying and using military force to protect oneself, ward off an attack minimize damage from attack |
| Preemption | use of military force to strike a potential enemy first when attack is imminent; gun is drawn |
| Prevention | use of military force to strike a potetional enemy first when an attack is expected or positive in the future; buying gun in store |
| Compellence | use of military force to stop an opponent from doing smth i was already doing, or to force it to start something it was not already doing. Ex Cuban missile crisis |
| collective security | work w out fighting; large, diverse alliances; commitment to respond to the use of force by member, usually by authorizing the use of force; peacekeeping force; U.N |
| Weakness of collective security | diverse body of members, problems of commitment, what happens if member quits? |
| weakness of defense | problem of chain-ganging, non committed members, infighting |
| collective defense | smaller memberships, states often have common values interests features, agree to come to the defense of one of their members if attacked |
Created by:
cdd5493