Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Bone tissues 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the six major functions of bones | sturcture, protection, movement, mineral storage, blood, energy storage |
| Where does blood cell formation occur | in red bone marrow |
| Where is fat stored in the bone | yellow bone marrow |
| what mineral is especially stored in the bones | calcium |
| What percentage of bone matrix is mineral salts | 55% |
| What are the two lesser components of bone matrix | 15% water, 30% fibers and gels |
| which bone cell builds bone | osteoblasts |
| which bone cell breaks down bone | osteoclasts |
| Which mature bone cell maintains bone metabolism | osteocyte |
| Which bone cell develops into osteoblasts, and is the starter cell | osteoprogenitor cell |
| Which bone cell type is identified a as guide for undergoing cell division | osetoprogentior cell |
| What do osteoclasts use to digest bone matrix | acid and enzymes |
| what is diaphysis | the long body of shaft of the long bone |
| what is epiphysis | the proximal and distal end of the long bone |
| What is metaphysis | the region where the diaphysis and epiphysis meet, the growth plate is indeed here in the growing bone |
| What is articulated cartilage | hyaline cartliage covering the joint surfaces |
| What is periosteum | the dense outer membrane covering bone except at the joint surfaces |
| What is the medullary cavity | The cavity inside the diaphysis that contains tulle blood marrow and blood vessels in adults |
| What is endosteum | The thin membrane that lines the medulla are cavity, it contains bone forming cells |
| What is the difference between compact and spongy bone | compact is dense and contains osteons, spongy is bone marrow filled and contains no osteons |
| where is compact bone primarily located | on the outside of the bone |
| Where is spongy bone typically found | on the interior of the bone |
| What is trabeculae | Lattice like structure of spongy bone along stress lines |
| What is a osteon | A repeating structural unit of compact bone |
| What is concentic lamellae | Communion layers of mineralized matrix surrounding the central canal |
| What are lacunae | Small spaces that contain osteocytes |
| What are canaliculi | Tiny fluid filled channels that connect lucnae and the central canal |
| what is found in the central canal | blood vessels and lymphatic vessels |
| What do perforating canals do | Connect periosteum and endosteum and provide passageway for nerves and blood vessels |
| What us the difference between central and prefoating canals | Central canals run within osteons, perfoating canals connect the bones outer and inner regions |
| What are the main blood supplies to the bone | Periosteal, nutrient, metaphyseal, and epiphyseal arteries and veins. |
| What is the difference between intramembranous and endochondral ossification? | Intramembranous: bone forms directly within mesenchyme. Endochondral: bone forms within a hyaline cartilage model. |
| What are examples of intramembranous ossification? | Flat bones of the skull, facial bones, mandible, and parts of the clavicles. |
| What is an example of endochondral ossification? | Long-bone development. |
| What is the sequence of endochondral ossification? | Cartilage model → primary ossification center → medullary cavity develops in diaphysis → secondary ossification centers in epiphyses → articular cartilage and epiphyseal plate remain. |
| How does a bone grow in length? | Cartilage grows at the epiphyseal plate on the epiphyseal side and is replaced by bone on the diaphyseal side. |
| What is appositional growth? | Growth in thickness as osteoblasts add bone to the outer surface while osteoclasts enlarge the medullary cavity. |
| What happens in the resting zone of the epiphyseal plate? | Small, scattered chondrocytes anchor the plate to the epiphysis. |
| What happens in the proliferation zone? | Chondrocytes divide rapidly, stack like coins, and secrete extracellular matrix. |
| What happens in the hypertrophy zone? | Chondrocytes enlarge and mature in columns. |
| What happens in the calcification zone? | The cartilage matrix hardens and chondrocytes die. |
| What happens in the ossification zone? | Osteoblasts replace cartilage with bone. |
| What is the correct order of the five growth-plate zones? | Resting → Proliferation → Hypertrophy → Calcification → Ossification. |
| When does the epiphyseal plate typically close according to the lecture? | Around ages 18–21; the remnant is the epiphyseal line. The facts I would m |
| What is bone remodeling? | The ongoing replacement of old bone tissue with new bone tissue. |
| How does bone remodeling change with age in the lecture? | During growth, formation exceeds resorption; in young adulthood they are more balanced; in later adulthood, increased endosteal resorption relative to periosteal formation contributes to net bone loss. |
| What does parathyroid hormone (PTH) do to bone? | Increases the rate and number of osteoclasts. |
| What does calcitonin do? | Inhibits osteoclasts. |
| How much of the body's calcium is stored in bone according to the lecture? | 99% |
| What are the three main stages of fracture repair? | Reactive → Reparative → Remodeling. |
| What happens in the reactive phase of fracture repair? | A fracture hematoma forms; nearby bone cells die; swelling and inflammation occur; phagocytes and osteoclasts remove damaged tissue. |
| What happens in the reparative phase? | A fibrocartilaginous callus forms, followed by a bony callus; capillaries grow in and osteoblasts produce spongy bone trabeculae. |
| What happens in the remodeling phase? | The callus is remodeled, dead bone is resorbed, and compact bone replaces spongy bone. |
| What is the difference between open and closed reduction? | Closed reduction sets a fracture without surgery; open reduction sets it with surgery. |
Created by:
user-2052035