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Server 1.2
Ch 1.2 vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Local Area Network (LAN) | A network of computers in relatively close proximity, such as on the same floor or in the same building. |
| loopback IP address | This can be used for diagnostic purposes to verify that the internal path through the TCP/IP protocols is working |
| Media Access Control (MAC) address | A unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment |
| Microsoft Management Console (MMC) | A component of Windows 2000 and its successors that provides system administrators and advanced users an interface for configuring and monitoring the system. |
| Multiple Activation Key (MAK) | Activates systems on a one-time basis, using Microsoft's hosted activation services (that is, it requires connection with a Microsoft activation server). Once computers are activated, no further communication with Microsoft is required. |
| Nano Server | One of two Windows Server 2019 small footprint installation options that is quite small and is ideal for use within cloud environments that require the hosting of Web apps and the supporting services. |
| nested virtualization | Running other virtual machines within an existing virtual machine. |
| NetBIOS name | A name or identifier used in older Windows systems to uniquely identify a computer. |
| Network Address Translation (NAT) | Sometimes used by firewalls, proxy servers, and routers, NAT translates IP addresses on an internal or local network so that the actual IP addresses cannot be determined on the Internet, because the address seen on the Internet is a decoy address used fro |
| network ID | The portion of an IPv4 address that represents the network on which the computer is located. |
| New Technology File System (NTFS) | The traditional file system used in Windows operating systems. |
| Non-Volatile Memory Express (NVMe) | A host controller interface and storage protocol created to accelerate the transfer of data between enterprise and client systems and solid-state drives (SSDs) over a computer's high-speed Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIe) bus. |
| packet | A unit of data transmitted on a network that contains control and address information as well as routing information. |
| peer-to-peer networking | network on which any computer can communicate with other networked computers on an equal or peer basis without going through an intermediary, such as a server or host. |
| perimeter network | A separate network that is surrounded by routers that implement advanced firewall capabilities for all traffic that is passing into the network from other computers within the organization and Internet. Also known as a demilitarized zone (DMZ) network. |
| physical processor | A processor chip plugged into a processor socket on a motherboard in a computer. |
| preemptive multitasking | Running two or more programs simultaneously so that each program runs in an area of memory separate from areas used by other programs. |
| privileged mode | A protected memory space allocated for the Windows Server kernel that cannot be directly accessed by software applications. |
| protected process | A process that cannot be influenced by a user or other processes on the system. Key processes on Windows Server 2019, including those that perform system maintenance or update a database, run as protected processes and cannot be interrupted prematurely. |
| protocol | A strictly defined set of rules for communication across a network that specifies how networked data is formatted for transmission, how it is transmitted, and how it is interpreted at the receiving end. |
| proxy server | A server application or appliance that acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from servers that provide those resources. |
| Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) | A data storage virtualization technology that combines multiple physical disk drive components into one or more logical units for the purposes of data redundancy, performance improvement, or both. |
| Resilient File System (ReFS) | The newer file system used in Windows Server 2019 operating systems. |
| router | A device that connects networks, is able to read IP addresses, and can route or forward packets of data to designated networks. |
| sandboxing | type of execution where an administrator runs a container and the enclosed Web apps are executed in a way that isolates them from other Web apps running within other containers and the underlying operating system. |
| Second Level Address Translation (SLAT) | A processor-based hardware-assisted virtualization technology that makes it possible to avoid the overhead associated with software-managed shadow page tables. |
| Server Core | One of two Windows Server 2019 small footprint installation options that retains much of the core Windows Server operating system but removes most of the graphical frameworks and processes. As a result, you typically configure Server Core using MS-DOS com |
| Server Core App Compatibility Feature on Demand (FOD) | A framework that can be downloaded and installed so that many additional graphical .Net components can be installed along with more software for Server Core. |
| Server Manager | A tool that was originally introduced in Windows Server 2008, with each subsequent version of Windows Server adding even more enhancements. While Server Manager allows you to monitor and manage the configuration of the local server it is running on, it ca |
| shell | A command-line environment, also called a command interpreter, that enables communication with an operating system. Commands that are run within a shell are typically specific to that shell (although different shells sometimes use the same or similar comm |
| shielded virtual machines | A feature that started in Windows 2016 that ensures malicious users cannot access the virtual hard disk files used by Hyper-V virtual machines by adding BitLocker encryption support for these files. |
| single sign-on | An authentication feature that allows a user to authenticate once to a domain controller to prove their identity to all domain members. |
| Software Defined Networking (SDN) | Feature of Windows Server 2019 Datacenter Edition that provides a method to centrally configure and manage physical and virtual network devices such as routers, switches, and gateways in your datacenter. |
| solid state disk (SSD) | A solid-state drive is a solid-state storage device that uses integrated circuit assemblies to store data persistently, typically using flash memory, and functioning as secondary storage in the hierarchy of computer storage. |
| storage area network (SAN) | Devices that provide a large amount of hard disk or solid state disk (SSD) storage for the servers within the rack. |
| Storage Migration Service | A feature in Windows Server 2019 that simplifies the moving of data to newer systems, as well as to systems in the Azure cloud. |
| storage pinning | Allows an administrator to force specific data to be stored on a particular device. |
| Storage Replicas | A feature first introduced in Windows Server 2016 that allows data to be replicated between two different servers seamlessly. |
| Storage Spaces | feature first introduced in Windows Server 2016 that allows you to build large, fault-tolerant volumes that span multiple physical storage devices. The third-generation version of ReFS (ReFS v3) was made available in Windows Server 2019 and comes with ad |
| Storage Spaces Direct | A feature that uses a server cluster to allow a large amount of disk storage across several different servers to be made available to users. |
| storage tiers | A key feature in Windows Server 2019 Standard Edition that automatically moves frequently-used data to faster storage devices, such as SSDs. |
| subnet mask | Used to distinguish between the network part and the host part of the IP address and to enable networks to be divided into subnets. |
| Teredo | A protocol that encapsulates IPv6 traffic into IPv4 packets. |
| thick provisioning | Allocating a fixed space for the virtual hard disk file when it is created. |
| thin provisioning | Dynamically allocating space as the virtual machine needs it. |
| Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) | A protocol that provides reliable communication of packets across networks and the Internet. |
| Type 1 hypervisor | A hypervisor that interacts with the hardware directly, and contains a small operating system to manage the hypervisor configuration and virtual machines. |
| Type 2 hypervisor | A hypervisor that is designed to run on top of an existing workstation operating system (referred to as the host operating system). |
| unicast | A message that goes from one single computer to another single computer. |
| uninterruptible power supply (UPS) | A device that provides backup battery power to servers and SANs within the rack in the event of a power loss. |
| User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol (UDP/IP) | A protocol that provides fast, yet unreliable communication of packets across networks and the Internet. |
| virtual machine | An instance of a discrete operating system running within virtual server software on one computer. Multiple virtual machines can run within the virtual server software on one computer. |
| virtual processor | A logical processor in a computer that is used by a virtual machine. |
| virtualization | The process of running more than one operating system at the same time on a single computer. |
| Windows Admin Center | A Windows Server 2019 Web-based management tool. |
| Windows Containers | A container is a subset of the Windows operating system composed of one or more Web apps and the supporting operating system files needed by those Web apps only. |
| Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI) | A set of specifications from Microsoft for consolidating the management of devices and applications in a network from Windows computing systems. WMI provides users with information about the status of local or remote computer systems. |
| Windows PowerShell | A powerful scripting language. |
| Windows Server Azure Network Adapter | Hardware that allows you to easily connect your on-premises Windows Server systems with other virtualized Windows Servers and services in the Azure cloud using a secure connection. |
| Windows Server Configuration Wizard (sconfig.cmd) | A tool that provides a quick way to configure server settings (network, firewall, computer name, domain, and so on) or perform server administration tasks (reboot, install updates, and so on) from the command line. |
| Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) | A Windows subsystem that provides a Linux kernel interface for Linux apps that allows them to execute directly on the Windows kernel within a Linux operating system environment (including a virtual Linux filesystem and directory structure). |
Created by:
CarlyJo87