Signs of Hyperglycemia

- Poor skin turgor - Dry mucous membranes

T1DM maintenance during illness

- Monitor the urine for ketones every 3 hours to prevent ketoacidosis by adjusting insulin doses - Blood glucose should be monitored frequently to adjust insulin doses to maintain euglycemia - Prioritize drinking fluids over eating meals as fluids flush out ketones and prevent ketoacidosis

Carbohydrate Counting Diet

A diet where meals are scheduled around insulin peaks and a set number of carbohydrates are consumed with each meal. One carb choice is equivalent to 15g of carbs.

Steps of Using a Glucometer

1. Place the hand in the dependent position to increase blood flow to the puncture site. 2. Position the lancet on the lateral aspect of the finger to avoid the dense nerve supply in the middle of the finger, which can cause pain. 3. Puncture the finger with the lancet perpendicular to the skin.

Steps of Administering Insulin

1. Use a subcutaneous needle to inject the insulin to the proper depth. 2. Position the needle at a 90 degree angle, or perpendicular to the skin. 3. Take insulin in the same area every injection to get the same effect, but rotate the site 1 inch every time.

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Diabetes Mellitus

Question	Answer
Signs of Hypoglycemia	- Tachycardia - Headache
Signs of Hyperglycemia	- Poor skin turgor - Dry mucous membranes
T1DM maintenance during illness	- Monitor the urine for ketones every 3 hours to prevent ketoacidosis by adjusting insulin doses - Blood glucose should be monitored frequently to adjust insulin doses to maintain euglycemia - Prioritize drinking fluids over eating meals as fluids flush out ketones and prevent ketoacidosis
Euglycemia	Normal blood glucose levels
Hyperglycemia	High blood glucose levels
Hypoglycemia	Low blood glucose levels
Carbohydrate Counting Diet	A diet where meals are scheduled around insulin peaks and a set number of carbohydrates are consumed with each meal. One carb choice is equivalent to 15g of carbs.
Steps of Using a Glucometer	1. Place the hand in the dependent position to increase blood flow to the puncture site. 2. Position the lancet on the lateral aspect of the finger to avoid the dense nerve supply in the middle of the finger, which can cause pain. 3. Puncture the finger with the lancet perpendicular to the skin.
Steps of Administering Insulin	1. Use a subcutaneous needle to inject the insulin to the proper depth. 2. Position the needle at a 90 degree angle, or perpendicular to the skin. 3. Take insulin in the same area every injection to get the same effect, but rotate the site 1 inch every time.

Created by: marinareagankhan

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