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Stack #4726781
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Speciation | change is species over time |
| Geological Time | Millions of Years |
| Who discovered geological time | what did James Hutton discover |
| Darwin’s Phyletic Gradualism | one species gradually transforming into a new one |
| Gould’s Punctuated Equilibrium | an event that causes extinction or speciation |
| Massive Environmental Destruction | large destructive event connected to punctuated equilibrium |
| Paleoanthropology | study of hominin evolution |
| What are the two genus that are considered hominines | Genus: Australopithecus and Homo |
| Four characteristics of Hominins | bipedalism, extended brain distinctive dentition and culture |
| evidence of bipeds | innominate bones/Pelvic girdle, foramen magnum |
| Laetoli footprints | footprints in Tanzania that seem to be made by an animal that is bipedal |
| Evidence of culture | stone tools, cave art |
| Osteology | study of bones |
| How is osteology used in forensic anthropology | used to id bones that come from crime scenes including injuries, pathology, and cause of death |
| How is Osteology used in archaeological contexts | uses bones to reconstruct past human diet, health and evolutionary history |
| determination of skeletal age at death | epiphyseal union of long bones and dentition |
| determination of skeletal sex | bones of the pelvic girdle |
| antemortem | before death |
| perimortem | during death or cause |
| postmortem | after death |
| Pre-talking stage | birth-6 months |
| Babbling stage | 6 months-8mounths introduces sound |
| Holophrastic stage (one word stage) | 9-13 months introduces symbols/loose connection |
| Two-word stage | 18-24 months introduces grammar |
| Telegraphic stage | 24 months-100 years |
| 6 properties of linguistics | duality, productivity, displacement, arbitrariness, reflexivity, cultural transition |
| phonology | study of sounds in language |
| phonemes | minimal units of sound (the f sound in fish) |
| phonemic pairs | pairs of words that differ by only one phoneme (sound) and have completely different meanings (fight and bite) |
| morphology | study of morphemes |
| morphemes | smallest units of meaning (words) |
| free morphemes | morphemes that can stand on their own (dog) |
| bound morphemes | morphemes that have to be bound to free morphemes to make sense (the s in dogs) |
| syntax | grammar |
| how do languages expand or extinction | communicative isolation |
| examples of communicative isolation | natural barrios or social barriers |
| Sir William Jones | guy who started linguistics |
| Sanskrit/Greek/Latin | sister languages (descend from same parent language) |
| Indo-European | largest language family |
| Proto-Indo-European (P.I.E.) | considered to be the original language |
| language families | a group of languages all descended from an ancestral language. |
| Subfamilies | category withing a lang. family (romance lang. in Indo-European lang fam) |
| Dialects | halfway point between on lang. and two separate |
| Cognates | words from two or more lang. that sound similar and mean the same thing (borrowed words not cognates) |
| linguistic isolates | languages that are isolated or not connected to another lang. |
| pidgins | two different lang. come together to create one abbreviated lang. (not a language) |
| creoles | when a pidgin becomes a first language of a culture (language) |
Created by:
user-2025390