A fine-grained sediment made of tiny rock and mineral particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand.

The artificial process of supplying water to land and crops using human-made systems like canals, pipes, or ditches when natural rainfall is not enough.

An amount of a resource, good, or production that remains left over after all immediate needs, demands, or survival requirements have been met.

An independent, sovereign or self-governing state that consists of a single primary city and its surrounding agricultural territories or dependent villages.

The belief in or worship of multiple gods and goddesses, often organized into a pantheon where each deity governs specific aspects of nature, human life, or the universe.

A massive, tiered step pyramid built in ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq and Iran) between approximately 4000 and 500 BCE.

The earliest known system of writing.

The integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence and help people make informed decisions.

A long narrative work or poem that recounts heroic deeds, blends history with myth, and serves as a foundational text for a culture's social and national identity.

A large political unit or system where a single central power, ruler, or governing core controls diverse territories, cultures, and ethnic groups.

A wealth or payment that one party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance, or peace.

A distinct administrative or political division of a country.

An organized group of merchants, pilgrims, or travelers journeying together across dangerous or hostile regions, such as deserts.

A scientist who studies stars, planets, and space.

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Vocab Chapter 4

Term	Definition
Silt	A fine-grained sediment made of tiny rock and mineral particles that are larger than clay but smaller than sand.
Irrigation	The artificial process of supplying water to land and crops using human-made systems like canals, pipes, or ditches when natural rainfall is not enough.
Surplus	An amount of a resource, good, or production that remains left over after all immediate needs, demands, or survival requirements have been met.
City-State	An independent, sovereign or self-governing state that consists of a single primary city and its surrounding agricultural territories or dependent villages.
Polytheism	The belief in or worship of multiple gods and goddesses, often organized into a pantheon where each deity governs specific aspects of nature, human life, or the universe.
Ziggurat	A massive, tiered step pyramid built in ancient Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq and Iran) between approximately 4000 and 500 BCE.
Cuneiform	The earliest known system of writing.
Scribe	The integrated study of the social sciences and humanities to promote civic competence and help people make informed decisions.
Epic	A long narrative work or poem that recounts heroic deeds, blends history with myth, and serves as a foundational text for a culture's social and national identity.
Empire	A large political unit or system where a single central power, ruler, or governing core controls diverse territories, cultures, and ethnic groups.
Tribute	A wealth or payment that one party gives to another as a sign of submission, allegiance, or peace.
Province	A distinct administrative or political division of a country.
Caravan	An organized group of merchants, pilgrims, or travelers journeying together across dangerous or hostile regions, such as deserts.
Astronomer	A scientist who studies stars, planets, and space.

Created by: Rauf916

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