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Science stuff
About matter, mass, atoms, compounds, mixtures, and elements
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mixture | 2 or more elements mixed together but can be easily separated |
| Compound | 2 or more elements chemically combined |
| Elements | A pure substance made out of only one kind of atom |
| Atom | The building blocks of the universe, made of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
| Electrons | Located in the outer shells, it is negatively charged |
| Protons | In the nucleus, it is positively charged |
| Neutrons | In nucleus, no charge |
| Nucleus | The center of an atom |
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object. |
| Matter | Anything made out of atoms. |
| Solids | Atoms are tightly packed, to the point they don’t move much |
| Liquid | The atoms are close but not to tight, allowing sliding |
| Gases | Atoms are very far apart, allowing tons of movement |
| Period | Horizontal and there are 7 of these. |
| Group | Vertical and there’s 18 of these |
| Metals | Conductors of electricity and heat |
| Metaloid | Properties of metals and non metals |
| Non metals | Not conductors of electricity |
| The 7 noble gases | A family of elements that are very unreactive |
| Flammability | The ability to burn |
| Reactivity | The ability to combine |
| Rusting | Iron and water equals iron oxide |
| Corrosion | Metal chemically reacts with substances, makes it very weak |
| Oxidation | Corrosion but creates a shell that keeps everything out, keeping it strong |
| Malleable | Flexible |
| Luster | Shine |
| Copper | A metal that is flexible, reddish, oxidizes |
| Chemical properties | How a substance changes into a new substance |
| Physical properties | The substance changes but is still the same thing. |
| Freezing | A change in state that occurs when when the temperature of particles has decreased energy and a liquid turns into a solid |
| Melting | A change in state that occurs when particles speed up and change from a solid to a liquid |
| Boiling | A rapid change in state that occurs throughout a substance changing it from a liquid to a gas |
| Evaporation | A change in state that occurs as particles from the surface of a liquid change into gas |
| Sublimation | A change in state directly from solid to a gas, skipping the liquid stage |
| Condensation | The reverse of evaporation when a substance changes from a gas to a liquid state |
| Boiling point | The specific temperature at which a liquid changes into a gas |
| Melting point | The specific temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid |
| Solution | Something made of a solute and solvent, where the solute is dissolved into small particles and the solvent is the one dissolving the solute |
| Solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution |
| Solvent | The substance that does the dissolving in a solution |
| Phase changes | When a substance changes phases (gases/solids/liquids) |
| Divisions | How the elements are divided into one of the 18 groups based on their similarities with each other |
| Locations | Where elements are placed, based on there atomic number (number on the element block) |
| Atomic number | The amount of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
| Soluable | A substance that can be dissolved in liquid or fluid to form a solution |
| Insoluable | A substance that cannot dissolve in liquid |
| Filtration | A way to separate mixtures with a insoluble solid from liquid, via passing the mixture through a porous barrier, trapping the solid |
| Magnetic Separation | A way to separate mixtures with magnetic metal from non magnetic solids or liquids by using a magnet to pull the metal |
| Evaporation for separation | A way to separate mixtures with a dissolved solid from a liquid solution by heating the mixture until the liquid turns into a gas and evaporates, leaving behind the solid crystals |
| Sieving | A way to separate mixtures with solid particles of different sizes by shaking the mixture through a screen or sieve with holes that let smaller pieces fall through while keeping larger pieces on top |
| Chemical reaction | Can absorb and release thermal energy |
| Temperature | The average kinetic energy of the atoms in a substance |
| Thermal energy | When atoms vibrate, they form thermal energy. The faster atoms vibrate, the hotter it is |
Created by:
Zohran