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Fundamentals midterm

vocab

QuestionAnswer
assessment The process by which a public health agency regularly and systematically collects, assembles, analyzes, and makes available information on the health of a community.
assurance The process by which a public health agency ensures its constituents that services necessary to achieve agreed-upon goals are provided.
Policy development he process by which a public health agency exercises its responsibility to serve the public interest in the development of comprehensive public health policy.
cases In a case-control study, people who have the disease being studied.
Cohort study This type of study follows a group of people overtime to see how some disease develops.
control group A group of individuals used by an experimenter as a standard for comparison.
controls In a case-control study, healthy individuals who do not have the disease being studied.
determinants Any of a group of variables that directly or indirectly influence the frequency or distribution of a disease.
Disease frequency A public health measure that shows how a common disease or other health condition behaves in a given population of a specific time period
epidemic The occurrence in a community or geographic area of disease at a rate that clearly exceeds the normally expected rate.
incidence A measure of the number of new cases occurring in a population within a given amount of time.
incubation period The time between infection of an individual by a pathogen and the manifestation of the disease it causes.
Mortality rate A rate that measures the incidence of deaths per unit of time in a population
Notifiable diseases Diseases that the law requires to be reported to public health authorities as part of the public health surveillance system
placebo A supposedly ineffective pill or agent used in a control group to gauge the effect of an actual treatment in another group.
prevalence Proportion of persons in a population who have a particular disease at a specified point in time during a specified time period.
rate The proportion of some disease in a group usually per unit of time, with a numerator and denominator indicating "so many per, so many per year, or another unit of time"
risk factors Characteristics that have been demonstrated statistically to increase a person's chance of developing a disease or being injured.
endemic rate This is the rate used for the usual prevalence of a disease within a given geographic area
Associations The relationships between two or more events or variables.
aquired The most severe phase of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus.
antibiotic resistance The ability of bacteria and other microorganisms to resist the effects of an antibiotic to which they were once sensitive.
antibody A protein produced by cells of the immune system that reacts specifically with invading antigens.
bacteria A large domain of single-celled microorganisms that lack a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.
chain of infection The pattern by which an infectious disease is transmitted from person to person.
Herd immunity The protection of individuals who lack immunity to a disease that is provided when a significant majority of the population has been immunized against the disease, either by vaccination or by acquisition of immunity by infection.
immunization Stimulating immunity to an infectious disease by exposing an individual to a weakened or inactivated pathogen or a portion of the pathogen.
outbreak A sudden increase in the incidence of a disease.
parasites Organisms that live off another organism (host) but do not contribute to the welfare of the host.
pathogen A microorganism that causes illness
Reservoir A place where a pathogen lives and multiplies before invading a non-infected person.
Created by: user-2064183
 

 



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