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Cells Review
Cells Review Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | basic unit of structure and function in all living things |
| cell theory | the theory that all living thins are made of cells, cells are the basic unit of life, and new cells come from existing cells |
| DNA | the molecule that contains the genetic instructions for building and operating a living organism |
| chromosome | a tightly packaged structure made of DNA and proteins that carries genetic information |
| gene | a section of DNA that contains instructions for a particular trait or protein |
| nuclear membrane | the double membrane surrounding the nucleus that controls movement of materials into and out of the nucleus |
| nucleolus | a region inside the nucleus where parts of ribosomes are madw |
| ribosome | a tiny structure that builds proteins using instructions from RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) |
| RNA | an acid found in all cells |
| cellular respiration | the process cells use to release energy from food, usually using oxygen |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | a molecule that stores and transfers usable energy for cell activities |
| central vacuole | the large vacuole in a plant cell that stores water and helps maintain pressure inside the cell |
| lyosome | an organelle containing enzymes that break down wastes, worn out cell parts, and other materials |
| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | a network of membranes that helps make, process, and transport proteins and lipids |
| Golgi Apparatus | an organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials for transport |
| vesicle | a small membrane-bound sac that transports or stores materials inside a cell |
| cilia | short, hair-like structures that help some cells move or move materials across a cell's surface |
| flagellum | a long, whip-like structure that helps some cells move |
| diffusion | the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
| active transport | the movement of substances across a membrane using cellular energy, usually from lower to higher concentration |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a membrane without the cell using energy |
| concentration | the amount of a substance in a given space or volume |
| homeostasis | the maintenance of stable internal conditions in a cell or organism |
| specialized cell | a cell adapted to perform a specific function in an organism |
| tissue | a group of similar cells working together to perform a particular function |
| organ | a structure made of different tissues working together to perform a specific funtion |
| organ system | a group of organs that work together to carry out major functions in an organism |
| cell division | the process by which one cell divides to form new cells, allowing growth, repair, and reproduction |
| enzyme | a catalyst-almost always made of protein-that speeds up chemical reactions in living cells without being used up |
| permeable | the ability of a membrane or barrier to allow substances like fluids, gases, or molecules to pass through it |
Created by:
jamielcoley