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Vocabulary
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the highest area of a city, usually containing the temples and important buildings | acropolis |
| a union formed between cities, countries, etc. to achieve a mutual goal | alliance |
| system of writing that uses letters to represent the sounds a word makes | alphabet |
| first form of religion; the belief that souls or spirits inhabit plants, animals, etc. | animism |
| construction used to transport fresh water | aqueduct |
| farmable | arable |
| scientist who studies past cultures and people | archaeologist |
| priest in the Catholic church who ruled an archdiocese | archbishop |
| sturdy way of building; originated in Rome | arch |
| branch of Christianity that rejected the concept of the Holy Trinity, considering Jesus a creation of God and therefore separate | Arianism |
| buoyant force equals the weight of displacement; used in modern engineering | Archimedes Principle |
| government ruled by the wealthy people | aristocracy |
| a man-made object | artifact |
| specialized worker | artisan |
| the elected legislature of Rome made of plebeians | assembly |
| scientific study of stars, planets, and other celestial objects | astronomy |
| Germanic invaders of Western Europe | barbarians |
| nomadic Arabic herders | Bedouins |
| Muslims from North Africa who traded with West Africa | Berbers |
| priest in the Catholic Church who ruled a diocese | bishop |
| an administrative system with a strict chain of command, official rules, and specialized roles used to manage large organizations or governments | bureaucracy |
| code of behavior of the Japanese samurai; "the way of the warrior" | bushido |
| successor to Muhammad; leader of the Islamic Empire | caliph |
| decorative handwriting | calligbraphy |
| an artificial waterway constructed to allow the passage of boats or ships inland or to convey water for irrigation | canal |
| a group of people traveling across the desert | caravan |
| measuring the amount of carbon left in a object in order to determine its age | carbon dating |
| priest in the Catholic Church who is an advisor to the pope | Cardinal |
| a rigid, hereditary social hierarchy where individuals are born into fixed groups that determine their status, occupation, marriage partners, and social interactions | caste system |
| a fortified building built to protect from invaders (primarily Vikings) | castle |
| a raised track across low or wet ground | causeway |
| method of farming that involves creating floating islands; used by the Aztecs | chinampa farming |
| the state of being conferred with the rights, obligations, privileges, and duties of a citizen | citizenship |
| a city that with its surrounding land forms an independent state | city-state |
| a person who is ordained in a religion (priests, monks, etc.) | clergy |
| a conqueror (especially from Spain) | conquistador |
| two elected patrician men in Rome who served one-year terms | consuls |
| deal | covenant |
| attempts by the Catholic Christians to conquer and control the Holy Land | Crusades |
| valuing and conveying culture through the creation and communication of art, literature, music, linguistics, folkways, customs, cuisine, architecture, and economic activity | cultural expressionism |
| way of life; a person's way of adapting to their surroundings | culture |
| system of writing in Sumer that involved pictograms; "wedge-shaped" | cuneiform |
| leader of Russia | czar |
| lord who owns land in Japanese feudalism | daimyo |
| a barrier constructed to hold back water and raise its level | dam |
| god | deity |
| marshy, triangular area of rich soil deposited at the mouth of a river | delta |
| government where citizens vote on rulers, decisions, etc. | democracy |
| dry, barren area of land | desert |
| universal truth (Buddhism);combination of spiritual discipline and moral law that governs a person's conduct (Hinduism) | dharma |
| a large population migration; the dispersal of the Israelites/Jews out of Canaan and spreading aroudn the world | diaspora |
| patrician man in Rome who was given absolute power temporarily in order to deal with any crisis or emergency and then would step down from power | dictator |
| area of land containing Catholic churches | diocese |
| branch of Christianity that believed that the validity of the sacraments (rituals) depends on the moral character of the minister | Donatism |
| a family of rulers | dynasty |
| an extensive area of land usually ruled by an emperor | empire |
| working to make a difference in the civic life of one's community and developing the combinations of knowledge, skills, values, and motivation to make that difference | engagement |
| the surroundings/conditions around a person (weather, food sources, shelter, etc.) | environment |
| philosophy that centered on the pursuit of happiness by avoiding pain and cultivating simple pleasures | Epicureanism |
| being kicked out of one's own country | exile |
| system of protection where land is exchanged for protection | feudalism |
| the land own by a lord | fief |
| reinforced for protection, often with a wall surrounding it | fortified |
| traveling poets, musicians, and storytellers in West Africa | griots |
| false imprisonment | habeas corpus |
| Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca | hajj |
| living in balance and alignment with the natural flow of the universe | harmony |
| Spartan slave | helot |
| inherited from father to son | hereditary |
| system of writing in ancient Egypt (and Maya) that involved pictograms; "sacred carvings" | hieroglyphics |
| the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to Medina | hijrah |
| scientific name for humans | homo-sapiens |
| system of thought that focuses on the human rather than the divine | humanism |
| the quality of having a modest view of one's value or importance | humility |
| artwork featuring a religious figure | icon |
| people in the Byzantine Empire who banned religious artwork except the cross | iconoclasts |
| combining pictograms to symbolize an idea | ideogram |
| a centralized, hierarchical system of government officials and administrative departments that manages the daily affairs, laws, and resources of a vast empire (Persia) | imperial bureaucracy |
| devaluation of currency | inflation |
| a judicial institution created in Spain to identify and punish heretics (anyone not Catholic) | inquisition |
| moving a supply of water from its source to the crops | irrigation |
| Shinto god | kami |
| the knowledge that your actions in this life will affect your next life | karma |
| a country or territory ruled by a royal leader such as a king or queen | kingdom |
| the interest of the ruling class is much more important that the interest of the common people | legalism |
| branch of government with the power to make laws | legislature |
| in feudalism, the landowner | lord |
| Japanese art; diagrams of the spiritual universe | mandalas |
| a lord's estate | manor |
| trade route across the sea/ocean | maritime |
| having earned/deserve/be worthy of something | merit |
| the movement of people from one place to another | migration |
| a person who spreads a religion to new places | missionary |
| government ruled by one royal leader (usually a king) | monarchy/kingdom |
| home of the monks | monastery |
| man who is a member of a religion and takes a vow of poverty, chastity, and obedience | monk |
| the belief in one god | monotheism |
| artwork made up of small stones, pieces of glass, etc. | mosaic |
| a natural route through a mountain range, usually at the lowest lying lands | mountain pass |
| the method of embalming a body for the afterlife used by the Egyptians | mummifcation |
| a sense of patriotism about one's country | nationalism |
| "New Stone Age" | Neolithic Eara |
| the goal of Buddhism; the state of being released from the cycle of reincarnation and reaching enlightenment | nirvana |
| a person who moves from place to place instead of living in one place | nomad |
| the goal of Hinduism; the state of being released from the cycle of reincarnation | moksha |
| a religion that does not have a god | nontheism |
| a fertile spot in the desert that has fresh water | oasis |
| government ruled by a small group of people | oligarchy |
| earliest known written language of China | oracle-bone script |
| of or relating to the Pope | papal |
| "Old Stone Age" | Paleolithic Era |
| a type of river plant used to write on in ancient Egypt | papyrus |
| priest in the Catholic church who leads a local parish | parish priest |
| highest legislature of England; made up of the House of Lords and the House of Commons | Parliament |
| leader of the Eastern (Greek) Orthodox Church | Patriarch |
| upper class (rich) citizens of Rome | patricians |
| a wealthy person who sponsors an artist | patron |
| a piece of land surrounded by water on three sides | peninsula |
| Greek military formation formed by forming a tight square with interlocking shields | phalanx |
| ruler of Egypt; god-king | pharaoh |
| teacher; someone who studies and tries to learn as much as he can | philospher |
| system of writing that involves drawing pictures to represent something | pictograms |
| commoners (poor) of Rome | plebeians |
| Greek for "city" | polis |
| the belief in many gods | Polytheism |
| leader of the Roman Catholic Church | Pope |
| period of time before humans learned to write | Prehistory |
| something written/created at the time of an event by someone who was there | primary source |
| a system of knotted strings used for record-keeping by the Incas | quipu |
| the reconquering of Spain by Ferdinand and Isabella when they took and united Spain, forcing the Muslim Moors and Jews out | Reconquista |
| rebirth of a soul into a new body | reincarnation |
| a man of many talents | Renaissance Man |
| rebirtth | renaissance |
| representative democracy; government where the people elect representatives to vote and make decisions for them | republic |
| religious ceremony performed by Catholic priests; marriage, last rites, etc. | sacraments |
| Hindi word for reincarnation | samsara |
| loyal warriors who served the Japanese lords | samurai |
| ancient written language of India | sanskrit |
| Persian governor of a province | satrap |
| grassland | savannah |
| split or division | schism |
| the idea of using reason as a guide to truth and morality | scholasticism |
| someone trained to write | scribe |
| something written/created by someone at a later time/after an event | secondary source |
| less religious | secular |
| not moving | sedentary |
| the elected legislature of Rome made up of patricians | senate |
| a person who works the land of a lord and is tied to the land | serf |
| powerful military leader in Japan who ruled the samurai and generally had more power than the emperor | shogun |
| philosophy that believed that the universe operated on reason and sough to distinguish between what is under our control and what is out of our control | stoicism |
| a narrow body of water connecting two larger bodies of water | strait |
| a reed of grass used to carve writing into wet clay | stylus |
| a large, distinct piece of land that is part of a continent but separated by geography | subcontinent |
| inventions people create to make their lives easier | technology |
| method of farming that involves carving steps into a mountainside to increase available farmland; used by the Incas | terraced farming |
| government where the leader or laws get their power from god/gods | theocracy |
| trade route across the Sahara Desert | trans-Sahara |
| government ruled by one powerful leader who seized power (with support of the people) and worked to reform the government | tyranny |
| the same everywhere (such as money and laws in the Roman Empire) | uniform |
| interest on loans | usury |
| a lesser lord who received and manages a piece of land for a lord | vassal |
| language or dialect spoken by ordinary people | vernacular |
| polytheistic temple in Mesopotamia (Sumer) | ziggurat |
Created by:
lacie.holmes