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Stack #4726208

QuestionAnswer
Heredity The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring.
Nature The influence of genetics and biological factors on behavior and development.
Nurture The influence of environment and experience on behavior and development.
Genetic predisposition An inherited tendency to develop a particular trait or behavior.
Evolutionary perspective The view that behavior and mental processes can be understood in terms of how they helped organisms survive and reproduce.
Natural selection The process by which organisms with advantageous inherited traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, causing those traits to become more common.
Eugenics The discredited practice or belief of improving the human population by controlling reproduction to favor certain inherited traits.
Twin studies Research comparing twins to determine the relative influences of genetics and environment on traits or behaviors
Family studies Research examining whether traits or behaviors are more common among biologically related family members.
Adoption studies Research comparing adopted individuals with their biological and adoptive families to help determine the effects of genetics and environment.
Central nervous system The brain and spinal cord.
Peripheral nervous system All nerves outside the brain and spinal cord that connect the CNS to the rest of the body.
Autonomic nervous system The part of the PNS that controls involuntary functions of the body.
Sympathetic nervous system The division of the autonomic nervous system that arouses the body and prepares it for action
Parasympathetic nervous system The division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body and returns it to a resting state
Somatic nervous system The division of the PNS that controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles and carries sensory information to the CNS
Neurons Specialized cells that receive, process, and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals
Glial cells Cells that support, protect, nourish, and insulate neurons
Reflex arc A rapid, automatic response to a stimulus that is processed through the spinal cord
Sensory neurons Neurons that carry information from sensory receptors to the central nervous system
Motor neurons Neurons that carry commands from the central nervous system to muscles and glands
Interneurons Neurons within the central nervous system that connect and process information between other neurons
Neural transmission The process by which neurons communicate information through electrical and chemical signals
Action potential A brief electrical signal that travels down the axon of a neuron when it fires
All-or-nothing principle The principle that a neuron either fires completely or does not fire at all.
Depolarization A change in a neuron's membrane potential in which the inside becomes less negative, leading to an action potential
Refractory period A brief period after an action potential when a neuron cannot fire normally again while it resets
Resting potential The neuron's stable, negatively charged state when it is not firing
Reuptake The process by which a sending neuron reabsorbs neurotransmitters from the synapse
Threshold The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger an action potential
Multiple sclerosis (MS) A disease in which the immune system damages the myelin surrounding neurons, disrupting neural communication
Myasthenia gravis An autoimmune disorder that disrupts communication between nerves and muscles, causing muscle weakness
Created by: user-2042987
 

 



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