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Honors Anatomy
Skeletal Unit Review
| terms | definitions | bones & joints (terms) | bones & joints (definitions) |
|---|---|---|---|
| canaliculi | canals that connect the lacunae and central canal in each osteon | short bone | cube like |
| central canal | part of long bone, contains blood vessels and nerve fibers | long bone | long |
| collagen | flexible matrix in bones | flat bone | plate like |
| compact bone | outer layer of bone, hard and dense | irregular bone | variety of shapes |
| diaphysis | part of long bone, shaft, hollow tube of compact bone, strong and lightweight | sesamoid bone | small & nodular |
| endosteum | part of long bone, lines medullary cavity, thin membrane, contains bone forming cells | plane joints | gliding |
| epiphyseal plate | part of long bone, responsible for lengthening/growing of bone | hinge joints | bending & straightening |
| epiphysis | ends of bone, form joint with another bone, filled with red bone marrow | pivot joints | rotation around central axis |
| hematopoiesis | blood cell formation, occurs in red bone marrow | condyloid (ellipsoid) joints | angular movements |
| inorganic salts | calcium phosphate (for strength of bone) | saddle joints | deep, versatile, angular movements |
| lacunae | small, bony chamber around osteocyte | ball & socket joints | rotation, flexion, extension, & abduction |
| medullary cavity | part of long bone, cavity in diaphysis | ||
| ossification | formation of bone (occurs in diaphysis) | ||
| osteocyte | mature bone cell | ||
| osteon | (haversian system) building block of compact bone | ||
| periosteum | strong membrane that covers long bone | ||
| spongy bone | at ends of bone, porous, red bone marrow inside | ||
| trabeculae | needle-like threads of spongy bone | ||
| yellow bone marrow | stores fat to supply energy, in medullary cavity | ||
| red bone marrow | hematopoiesis happens here, in spongy bone | ||
| articular cartilage | cushions bone joints, covers epipihysis | ||
| osteoblasts | bone building cells | ||
| osteoclasts | bone breakdown cells | ||
| ligament | connects bones to bones | ||
| calcitonin | hormone produced by parathyroid glands, helps lower high calcium blood levels | ||
| hyoid bone | "U" shaped bone in upper neck, not connected to any other bone | ||
| fontanelles | soft spots in infant's skull before they fully develop | ||
| foramen magnum | large opening at base of skull in the occipital bone | ||
| spina bifida | birth defect where spine & spinal canal fail to close | ||
| axial skeleton | skull, hyoid, veterbrae, thoracic cage | ||
| appendicular skeleton | limbs, shoulders, pelvic girdle |
Created by:
belvilex000