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Unit 1 Part 5 HA
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tissue | Group of cells working together; contributes to homeostasis by providing support, protection, and communication between cells |
| 4 major types of tissue | Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous |
| Epithelial tissue | Tissue whose cells are closely packed in continuous sheets of one or more layers; lines body surfaces and organs. Examples: Skin, lining of the lungs, thyroid, liver, intestine, kidney |
| Apical surface | Surface of an epithelial cell that faces the body surface or the lumen of an organ or blood vessel; may have specialized structures like villi |
| Lumen | The inside space of an organ or blood vessel |
| Villi | Specialized projections that may be found on the apical surface of some epithelial cells |
| Lateral surfaces | Sides of epithelial cells where they connect to neighboring cells |
| Basal surface | Bottom surface of an epithelial cell that is anchored in an extracellular matrix |
| Glands | Structures in some epithelial tissues that secrete cellular products such as hormones, digestive juices, and sweat. Examples: Sweat glands; glands that secrete hormones or digestive juices |
| Functions of epithelial tissue | Protection (skin), secretion (thyroid, liver), absorption (intestine), gas exchange (lung), and filtration (kidney) |
| Connective tissue | Most abundant and diverse tissue type; connects, supports, insulates, compartmentalizes, transports, stores energy, and has immune function. Examples: Loose connective tissue, adipose, dense connective tissue, cartilage, bone, blood |
| Two basic parts of connective tissue | Widely spaced cells and an extracellular matrix |
| Extracellular matrix | Fluids, protein fibers, and other substances produced by cells; determines the quality of connective tissue (firm and pliable like cartilage or inflexible like bone) |
| Three categories of connective tissue | Loose, dense, and specialized connective tissue |
| Loose connective tissue | Connective tissue whose fibers are widely dispersed and not tightly intertwined between cells. Examples: Areolar, adipose, reticular; padding under the skin |
| Areolar tissue | Loose connective tissue that provides strength, elasticity, and support. Examples: Tissue surrounding blood vessels and nerves throughout the body |
| Adipose tissue | Loose connective tissue whose cells store fat for insulation, organ protection, and energy reserve. Examples: Fat tissue that insulates and cushions organs |
| Reticular tissue | Loose connective tissue with thin fibers that form a supporting framework. Examples: Framework of the liver, kidney, spleen, lymph nodes, and bone marrow |
| Dense connective tissue | Connective tissue with thicker fibers and fewer cells. Examples: Dense regular, dense irregular, elastic connective tissue |
| Dense regular connective tissue | Dense connective tissue with fibers arranged in a regular pattern, giving it strength |
| Dense irregular connective tissue | Dense connective tissue with fibers not regularly arranged, giving strength in many directions |
| Elastic connective tissue | Dense connective tissue with branched fibers that can recoil after being stretched |
| Specialized connective tissue | Category of connective tissue with specialized structures and functions. Examples: Cartilage, bone, blood |
| Cartilage | Specialized connective tissue made of a dense network of fibers embedded in a gel-like substance; can withstand stress |
| Three types of cartilage | Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic |
| Hyaline cartilage | Type of cartilage. Examples: Nose, larynx, trachea and respiratory tubes, costal cartilage of the ribs, articular cartilage of joints |
| Fibrocartilage | Type of cartilage. Examples: Intervertebral discs, meniscus of the knee, pubic symphysis |
| Elastic cartilage | Type of cartilage. Examples: External ear, epiglottis |
| Bone tissue | Specialized connective tissue that makes up the skeleton; stores calcium and phosphorus, produces blood cells, and stores fat. Examples: The skeleton |
| Osteon | Structural unit of bone tissue arranged in rings around a central canal |
| Haversian canal | Central canal in the middle of an osteon |
| Osteocyte | Bone cell found within bone tissue |
| Canaliculi | Tiny channels in bone that connect osteocytes |
| Blood | Liquid connective tissue in which blood cells float in an extracellular matrix of plasma. Examples: Red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets floating in plasma |
| Liquid connective tissue | Connective tissue with a fluid extracellular matrix. Examples: Blood |
| Plasma | The liquid extracellular matrix of blood |
| Muscular tissue | Tissue made of long cells called muscle fibers; produces movement, maintains posture, and produces heat. Examples: Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle |
| Muscle fibers | The long cells that make up muscular tissue |
| Three types of muscle tissue | Skeletal, cardiac, and smooth |
| Skeletal muscle | Muscle tissue attached to bones. Examples: Arm muscles attached to bones |
| Cardiac muscle | Muscle tissue found in the walls of the heart. Examples: Walls of the heart |
| Smooth muscle | Muscle tissue found in the walls of organs and vessels. Examples: Walls of the stomach and other organs, walls of blood vessels |
| Nervous tissue | Tissue made of neurons and neuroglia; converts stimuli to electrical signals and transmits them to other areas of the body. Examples: Spinal cord tissue containing neurons and neuroglia |
| Neurons | Nerve cells that carry electrical signals |
| Neuroglia | Support cells in nervous tissue |
| Soma | Cell body of a neuron |
| Dendrites | Branches of a neuron that receive signals |
| Axon | Long extension of a neuron that carries signals away from the cell body |
| Axon hillock | Lighter-staining area of the soma where the axon begins |
Created by:
khondakerr