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anatomy Exam 2
(a) expiration
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 2 types of expiration | 1) passive 2) active |
| passive expiration | no muscular effort, brings back to relaxed state (due to elasticity + gravity) |
| active expiration | uses muscular effort, air moves out of lungs (ribcage pulls down, diaphragm is pushed up) |
| when is active expiration usually used | during speech breathing |
| checking action | external intercostals stay contracted longer to prevent lung-recoil which pushes air out -sustains speech production |
| how many expiratory accessory muscles are there | 11 |
| what are the 5 subsections of the expiratory accessory muscles | 1) upper limb 2) anterior thoracic 3) posterior thoracic 4) anterior abdominal 5) posterior abdominal |
| upper limb accessory muscle (1) | 1) litissimus dorsi |
| latissimus dorsi OCIF +innervation | o- lower thoracic C T + L vertebrae c- up + fanlike i- humerus f- stabilizes posterior abdominal wall for expiration -innervated by bronchial plexus C6-8 |
| anterior thoracic accessory muscles (3) | 1) transverse thoracis 2) internal intercostals (interOSSEUS portion) 3) innermost intercostals |
| what is the 2nd major muscle of expiration | the transverse thoracis |
| transverse thoracis OCIF +innervation | o- sternum c- lateral i- ribs 2-6 (chondral portion) f- depresses rib cage -innervated by intercostal nerves T2-6 |
| internal intercostal (interosseus portion) OCIF +innervation | o- rib 2-12 at superior margin c- up + in i- inferior portion of rib above f- depresses ribs 1-11 -innervated by intercostal nerves T2-6 + T7-11 |
| innermost intercostals OCIF +innervation | o- rib 1-11 superior margin c- up + in i- inferior portion of rib above f- depresses ribs 1-11 -innervated by intercostal nerves T2-6 + T7-11 |
| posterior thoracic accessory muscles (2) | 1) subcostals 2) serratus posterior INFERIOR |
| subcostals OCIF +innervation | o- ribs 1-12 inner portion c- down + lateral i- inner surface of 2-3 ribs below f- depresses thorax -innervated by intercostal nerves arising from spinal nerves |
| serratus posterior inferior OCIF +innervation | o- T11, T12, L1-3 c- up + lateral i- lower part of ribs 7-12 f- contracts rib cage (pulls down) -innervated by intercostal nerves T9-11 + T12 |
| anterior abdominal accessory nerves (4) | 1) transverse abdominal 2) internal obliques 3) external obliques 4) rectus abdominus |
| transverse abdominal OCIF +innervation | o- posterior wall at vertebral column via thoracolumbar fascia c- horizontal i- abdominal aponeurosis + inner surface of ribs 6-12 f- compresses abdomen innervated by thoracic + lumbar nerves + T7-12 |
| internal obliques OCIF +innervation | o- iliac crest (top of pelvic girdle) c- fans medially i- lower ribs (chondral portion) + aponeurosis lateral to rectus abdominus f- compress abdomen innervated by T7-12 |
| external obliques OCIF +innervation | o- lower 7 ribs (osseous portion) c- fans down i- iliac crest + aponeurosis lateral to rectus abdominus f- compresses abdomen innervated by T7-12 |
| rectus abdominus OCIF +innervation | o-starts inferiorly at pubis bone c- up i- sternum + cartilage of ribs 5-7 f- flexion or bending of vertebral column innervated by T5-11 + T12 |
| abdominal aponeurosis OCIF +innervation | mostly anterior sheet like tendon that attaches all abdominal muscles -superficial to rectus abdominus |
| posterior abdominal accessory muscle (1) | 1) quadratus lumborum |
| quadratus lumborum OCIF +innervation | o-iliac crest c- up + in i- transverse process of lumbar vertebrae + inferior part of rib 12 f- fixes/secures abdominal wall to support for abdominal compression innervated by T12 + L1-4 |
Created by:
liz gelles