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Benchmark #1
8th Grade US History Benchmark #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Trans Atlantic Slave Trade | The forced transportation of millions of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. |
| Charles Towne | The first permanent English settlement in South Carolina, founded in 1670 and later called Charleston. |
| Eastern Woodland Tribes | Native American groups who lived in the eastern part of North America and depended on farming, hunting, and natural resources. |
| Colonial Geography | The land, climate, and natural resources that influenced how people lived and worked in the colonies. Southern/Middle/New England |
| Counterparts | People or things that have similar roles or purposes in different places or groups. |
| Self-Government | The ability of people to make laws and decisions for their own community. |
| Motivation | A reason that causes a person or group to take action. |
| Enslaved | Forced to work for another person without freedom or pay and treated as property. |
| Salutary Neglect | Britain's policy of loosely enforcing colonial laws, allowing the colonies to practice more self-government. |
| Plantation Economy | An economy based on large farms that grew cash crops, often using the forced labor of enslaved people. |
| Stono Rebellion | A 1739 uprising in South Carolina in which enslaved Africans fought for their freedom. |
| Proclamation Line of 1763 | A British rule that prohibited colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains. |
| Cash Crops | Crops grown mainly to be sold for profit, such as rice, indigo, and tobacco. |
| Manufactured Goods | Products made from raw materials, such as tools, clothing, and furniture. |
| Expanding | Growing or spreading into a larger area. |
| Hybrid | Something created by combining parts of two or more different cultures, ideas, or traditions. |
| Merchant | A person who buys and sells goods for profit. |
| Charters | Official documents granting people permission or rights to establish and govern colonies. |
| Lowcountry/Backcountry | South Carolina's two major colonial regions: the wealthy plantation coastal Lowcountry and the inland, woodsman, lower class, Backcountry. |
| Mercantilism | An economic system in which colonies supplied raw materials to the mother country and bought its manufactured goods. |
| South Carolina Native American Tribes | Native groups who lived in South Carolina, including the Cherokee, Catawba, and Yemassee. |
| European Settlements | Communities established in the Americas by European countries such as England, Spain, and France. |
| Tensions | Disagreements or conflicts between people or groups that can lead to larger problems. |
| Respresents | Stands for, symbolizes, or acts on behalf of someone or something. |
| Bicameral | A legislature divided into two houses, such as the Senate and House of Representatives. |
| Barbados: Rice/Indigo | Settlers from Barbados brought plantation systems and enslaved labor practices that influenced South Carolina's rice and indigo economy. |
| Eliza Lucas Pinkney | A South Carolina planter who helped make indigo an important colonial cash crop. |
| Navigation Acts | British laws requiring colonial trade to benefit Great Britain and limiting who the colonies could trade with. |
| French & Indian War | A war between Britain and France for control of North America that left Britain deeply in debt. |
| Sprawling | Spreading over a large area, often describing settlements or land. |
| Persecute | To unfairly mistreat people because of their religion, beliefs, race, or identity. |
| Speculative | Based on an idea or possibility rather than something that is known for certain. |
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