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Chapter5-Personality
FALLON STUDYYY
| What is personality development? | Continuities, consistencies, stabilities in people over time, and the way in which people change over time |
| What is rand order stability? | Maintenance of individual position within a group |
| What is level stability? | Constancy level |
| What is personality coherence? | When a personality trait is consistent throughout a person's life (example a child having a temper tantrum and the same child having a short temper in adulthood); Maintaining rank order relative to others but changing in the manifestations of trait |
| What are the two defining qualities of personality change? | Internal and enduring |
| What is an example of personality stability? | Mahatma Gandhi; despite living in a tumultuous time period, he lead the largest social revolutions in human history and his personality remained remarkably stable |
| What is internal personality change? | Changes are internal to a person, not changes in the external surrounding |
| What is enduring personality change? | Changes are enduring over time, not temporary |
| What are the three levels of analysis? | Population level, group differences level, individual difference level |
| What is the population level of analysis? | Changes or constancies that apply more or less to everyone |
| What is the group differences level of analysis? | Changes or constancies that affect different groups differently |
| What is the individual difference level? | Given ex: can we predict who is at risk for psychological disturbance later in life based on earlier measures of personality? |
| What is temperament? | Individual differences that emerge very early in life, are heritable, and involved behaviours are linked with emotionality |
| What do temperament factors include (as assessed by caregivers)? | Activity level, smiling and laughter, dear, distress to limitations, soothability, and the duration of orienting |
| What three conclusions does research draw regarding temperament during infancy? | -Stability of temperament is higher over short intervals of time than over long intervals of time -Level of stability of temperament increases as infants mature -Stable individual differences emerge early in life where they can be assessed by observers |
| What is the last conclusion that research draws regarding temperament during infancy? | For most temperament variables, there are moderate levels of stability over time during the first year of life |
| What is the longitudinal study? | Investigation of same group of individuals over time |
| What are some factors regarding personality stability in childhood? | -Individual differences in aggression emerge early in life, by three years of age -Individuals retain rank order stability on aggression over many years -Stability coefficients decline as interval between two times of measurement increases |
| What are some factors regarding personality stability in adulthood? | Broad personality traits show moderate to high levels of stability Stability also found using spouse-report and peer report Personality consistency tends to increase in stepwise fashion with increasing age; personality appears to become solid with age |
| What are some factors regarding mean level stability in adulthood? | -"Big five" personality factors show a consistent mean level stability over time -Especially after 50, very little change in the average level -Small but consistent changes, especially during the 20s |
| Which attributes increase and which decline over time? | Openness, extraversion, neuroticism decline with age until 50; conscientiousness and agreeableness show gradual increase with time |
Created by:
DylanTheLazyGoose