The supreme legal framework of the United States that establishes the federal government, gives it certain powers, and limits those powers.

The division of federal government power among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.

A system in which each branch of government has powers that can limit the actions of the other branches.Federalism

Specific powers that the Constitution explicitly gives to the federal government, particularly Congress.

The constitutional provision giving Congress power to regulate commerce among states, with foreign nations, and with Native American tribes.

Congress’s constitutional authority to raise and spend money for the nation’s general welfare.

Necessary and Proper Clause

A constitutional provision allowing Congress to make laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.

The constitutional rule that valid federal law takes priority over conflicting state law.

The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which protect individual rights and limit government power.

A constitutional amendment that, among other things, guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law.

The power of courts to determine whether laws or government actions are consistent with the Constitution.

A law formally passed by Congress or a state legislature and signed by the appropriate executive.

A detailed rule created by a government agency to implement and enforce a law passed by Congress.

Administrative Agency

A government organization, usually within the executive branch, that carries out specific laws and responsibilities, such as the FDA, NIH, or EPA.

Government actions and rules designed to address issues affecting society.

A cost or benefit of an activity that affects people who were not directly involved in that activity.

A benefit that can be broadly shared and is difficult to restrict people from using.

A rule created by a federal administrative agency to implement or enforce federal law.

The development and implementation of government policies concerning scientific research, technology, innovation, and their effects on society.

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Week 1 gov’t (PS)

personal study for biotech policy analyst


Constitution	The supreme legal framework of the United States that establishes the federal government, gives it certain powers, and limits those powers.
Separation of Powers	The division of federal government power among three branches: legislative, executive, and judicial.
Checks and Balances	A system in which each branch of government has powers that can limit the actions of the other branches.Federalism
Enumerated Powers	Specific powers that the Constitution explicitly gives to the federal government, particularly Congress.
Commerce Clause	The constitutional provision giving Congress power to regulate commerce among states, with foreign nations, and with Native American tribes.
Spending Power	Congress’s constitutional authority to raise and spend money for the nation’s general welfare.
Necessary and Proper Clause	A constitutional provision allowing Congress to make laws needed to carry out its enumerated powers.
Supremacy Clause	The constitutional rule that valid federal law takes priority over conflicting state law.
Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments to the Constitution, which protect individual rights and limit government power.
Fourteenth Amendment	A constitutional amendment that, among other things, guarantees citizenship, due process, and equal protection under the law.
Judicial Review	The power of courts to determine whether laws or government actions are consistent with the Constitution.
Statute	A law formally passed by Congress or a state legislature and signed by the appropriate executive.
Regulation	A detailed rule created by a government agency to implement and enforce a law passed by Congress.
Administrative Agency	A government organization, usually within the executive branch, that carries out specific laws and responsibilities, such as the FDA, NIH, or EPA.
Public Policy	Government actions and rules designed to address issues affecting society.
Externality	A cost or benefit of an activity that affects people who were not directly involved in that activity.
Public Good	A benefit that can be broadly shared and is difficult to restrict people from using.
Federal Regulation	A rule created by a federal administrative agency to implement or enforce federal law.
Science Policy	The development and implementation of government policies concerning scientific research, technology, innovation, and their effects on society.

Created by: Jbass05

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