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anatomy Exam 2
(a) INSPIRATION
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the 2 types of inspiration | -quiet: involves minimal muscular activity (work of diaphragm) -forced: involves more muscular activit |
| quiet | involves minimal muscular activity (work of diaphragm) |
| forced | involves muscular activity (of the diaphragm and accessory muscles) -during physical activity (speech) |
| goal of inspiratory muscles | -raise all parts of ribs like 1 big unit -make thorax wider |
| the diaphragm | the primary muscle of inspiration -separates thoracic and abdominal cavities |
| central tendon | mid region of the diaphragm -made of aponeurosis -white appearance |
| aponeurosis | thin cover of fibrous connective tissue -has holes for vascular pathways -white appearance |
| phrenic nerve | controls only the diaphragm (innervates) -comes down through cervical cavity through SCM, scalenus, to mediastinum |
| movement of diaphragm | begins in dome shape at rest 1) depresses (contracts) at central tendon 2) expands thorax and abdomen |
| function of the diaphragm | enlarge the vertical dimension of thorax -contraction expands abdominal walls |
| diaphragm OCIF +innervation | o- sternum, ribs, 7-12, L1-L4 c- superiorly and medially i- central tendon f- enlarges vertical dimension of the thorax -innervated by phrenic nerve |
| what are the 5 subsections for the accessory muscles of inspiration | 1. neck (posterior + anterior) (2) 2. neck, shoulders, back (posterior) (8) 3. anterior thoracic (2) 4. posterior thoracic (3) 5. lower thoracic/abdominal (posterior) (3) |
| neck accessory muscles (2) | 1) sternocleidomastoid 2) scalenus |
| sternocleidomastoid OCIF +innervation | o- mastoid process of the temporal bone c- down i- sternum + clavicle f- elevates all ribs and sternum -innervated by XI accessory CN + C2-5 |
| scalenes (anterior, medius, posterior) OCIF +innervation | o- C2-5 to C7 c- down i- rib 1 or 2 f- elevate rib 1 or 2 +innervated by C3 - C6 or 8 (cervical and brachial plexus) |
| neck, shoulder, and back accessory muscles (8) | 1) trapezius 2) levator scapulae 3) rhomboideus minor 4) rhomboideus major 5) subclavius 6) serratus anterior 7) pectoralis minor 8) pectoralis major |
| trapezius OCIF +innervation | o- C2 to T12 c- fans up + laterally i- scapula + clavicle f- elongates neck, controls head -innervated by XI accessory CN + C3-4 |
| levator scapulae OCIF +innervation | o- C1-4 c- down i- scapula f- neck support, elevates scapula -innervated by spinal nerves C4-5 |
| rhomboideus minor OCIF +innervation | o- C7 to T1 c- down + laterally in i- scapula f- stabilizes shoulder girdle -innervated by brachial plexus C4-5 |
| rhomboideus major OCIF +innervation | o- T2-5 c- down + laterally in i- scapula f- stabilizes shoulder girdle -innervated by brachial plexus C4-5 |
| subclavius OCIF +innervation | o- clavicle c- oblique (slanting) + medial i- rib 1 (chondral portion) f- elevates rib 1 -innervated by brachial plexus + C5-6 |
| serratus anterior OCIF +innervation | o- ribs 1-9 (lateral surface) c- up + back i- scapula f- elevate ribs 1-9 -innervated by brachial plexus C5-6 |
| pectoralis minor OCIF +innervation | --deep pectoralis muscle o- ribs 2-5 (chrondral portion) c- up + lateral i- scapula f- increase transverse dimension of rib cage -innervated by brachial plexus C5-8 + T1 |
| pectoralis major OCIF +innervation | -superficial pectoralis muscle o-sternum + clavicle c- lateral fan i- humerus f- elevates sternum --innervated by brachial plexus C5-8 + T1 |
| anterior thoracic accessory muscles (2) | 1) external intercostals 2) internal intercostals (interchondral portion) |
| external intercostals OCIF +innervation | o- inferior surface of ribs 1-11 c- down + obliquely in i- superior surface of rib below f- elevates rib cage -innervated by intercostal nerves T1-11 |
| internal intercostals (interchondral portion) OCIF +innervation | o- superior margin of ribs 2-12 c- up + in i- inferior surface of rib above f- elevate ribs 2-12 -innervated by intercostal nerves T1-6 + T1-11 |
| external VS internal intercostals | external: near vertebral column but not sternum internal: near sternum but not VC |
| purpose of the anterior thoracic accessory muscles | protect the heart + lungs |
| posterior thoracic accessory muscles (3) | 1) serratus superior posterior 2) levator costarum brevis 3) levator costarum longis |
| serratus superior posterior OCIF +innervation | o- C7 to T3 c- down + lateral i- ribs 2-5 f- elevates robs 2-5 -innervated by intercostal T2-5 |
| levator costarum brevis OCIF +innervation | o- C7 to T11 c- obliquely down + out i- rib just below f- elevate entire ribcage -innervated by intercostal nerves C7-T11 |
| levator costarum longis OCIF +innervation | o- C7 to T11 c- down + obliquekly out i- two ribs below f- elevate ribs 9-12 (lower 4) -innervated by intercostal nerves C7-T11 |
| Lower thoracic/abdominal accessory muscles (3) | 1) illiocostalis 2) longissimus 3) spinalis |
| illiocostalis, longissimus, spinalis OCIF +innervation | o- L, T, or C vertebrae c- up i- varies (upon how lateral) f- stabilize + move vertebral column -innervated by lower cervical, thoracic, + lumbar nerves |
| how many inspiratory accessory muscles are there | 18 |
Created by:
liz gelles