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Unit 10
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Earth system | All living and non living things and processes that make up planet earth, including the solid earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere and the biosphere. |
| geosphere | The mostly solid rocky part of Earth;extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust. |
| hydrosphere | The portion of the earth that is water |
| cryosphere | One of the earths spheres where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground permafrost. |
| atmosphere | a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet , moon, or other celestial body |
| biosphere | the part of the world in which life can exist |
| energy budget | a way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of the earth system |
| air pressure | The measure of the force with which the air molecules push on a surface |
| thermosphere | The uppermost layer of the atmosphere in which temperature increases as altitude increases |
| mesosphere | the strong lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core. The layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and which temperature decreases as altitude increases |
| stratosphere | the layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases contains ozone layer |
| troposphere | the lowest layer of the atmosphere in which temperature drops at a constant rate as altitude increase, the part of the atmosphere where weather conditions exist. |
| ozone layer | the layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation |
| greenhouse effect | warming of the surface and lower atmosphere of earth that occurs when water, vapor, carbon dioxide and other gases absorb and reradiate thermal energy. |
| temperature | degree of hotness or coldness, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of a substances atoms |
| thermal expansion | an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance |
| heat | energy that causes things to become warmer |
| radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| convection | the movement of matter due to difference s in density that are caused by temperature variations can result in the transfer of energy as heat |
| conduction | The transfer of energy as heat through a material |
| wind | the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| Coriolis effect | the curving of a path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to the earths rotation |
| global wind | the movement of air over the earths surface in patterns that are worldwide |
| jet stream | a narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere |
| local wind | The movement of air over short distances, occurs in specific areas as a result of certain geographical features |
| ocean current | A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern |
| surface current | A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and that occurs at or near the oceans surface |
| deep current | A streamlike movement of ocean water far below the surface |
| convection current | any movement of matter that results from differences in density may be vertical, circular, or cyclical |
| upwelling | The movement of deep, cold and nutrient rich water to the surface |
Created by:
Beau ponce de leon