Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
psych module 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| what is the nervous system | the basis of your mental activity and behavior |
| three main functions of the nervous system | receive sensory input through 5 senses, process information in the brain and respond to the information |
| what is the central nervous system | brain and spinal cord |
| peripheral nervous system | all other nerves |
| neurons definition | the basic unit of your nervous system |
| cell body definition | part of the neuron where information from thousands of other neurons are collected and integrated |
| dendrites definition | branchlike extensions with receptors that receive information from other neurons |
| axon definition | "tail" of the neuron that spreads out from the cell and transmits info to other neurons |
| terminal button definition | a knob at the end of the axon that releases chemical signals from the neuron into the synapse |
| neurotransmitter definition | chemical substance that carries signals from one neuron to another |
| synapse definition | space between neurons through which neurotransmitters travel |
| 3 phases of neural communication | transmission, reception and integration |
| transmission definition | creates the message |
| reception definition | message gets recieved |
| integration definition | decides if the message gets passed on |
| action potential definition | neuron fires and is communicating |
| myelin sheath | fatty coating that insulates the axon causing electrical signal to travel quickly |
| presynaptic neuron | sends signal |
| postsynaptic neuron | receives the signal |
| receptors | specialized structures that respond to a certain type of neurotransmitters |
| agonists | drugs the enhance the actions of neurotrasnmitters |
| antagonists | drugs that inhibit the actions of neurotransmitters |
| spinal cord | gateway for information from the body to the brain |
| hindbrain | controls body function that are essential for survival |
| 3 main structures of hindbrain | medulla, pons and cerebellum |
| medulla definition | controls basic functions |
| pons definition | important for sleep, arousal and coordination movements between right and left side of the body |
| cerebellum | essential for proper motor function |
| midbrain | located above the pons it contains several structures involved in movement of the eyes and body |
| substantia nigra | initiates voluntary movements |
| where is forebrain located | above the midbrain |
| 2 main areas of forebrain | cerebral cortex and subcortical structures |
| cerebral cortex definition | thoughts, detailed perceptions and where behaviors happen |
| subcortical structures defintion | they are part of the limbic system |
| limbic system | controlling motivated behaviors |
| thalamus | sensory getaway to the cortex and it receives almost all incoming sensory information (smell is the only sense that does not go through the thalamus) |
| hypothalamus | the brains master regulatory structure |
| hippocampus | plays a role in making new memories |
| amygdala | key roles in fear, excitement and arousal it increases memory processing when we are emotionally aroused |
| cerebral hemispheres | left and right connected by the corpus callosum |
| corpus callosum | allows communication between it and cerebral hemisphere |
| right hemisphere | responsible for spatial relationship (face recognition, emotional aspect of thinking) |
| left hemisphere | responsible for logical thinking and language |
| 4 lobes of cerebral cortex | occipital, parietal lobes temporal lobes and frontal lobes |
| occipital lobes | vision (rear part of the brain) |
| primary visual cortex | brain tissue dictated to processing visual data |
| parietal lobes | touch (top and back part of brain) |
| primary somatosensory cortex | sensitive to pain and temperature |
| somatosensory homunculus | the body is mapped out on the primary somatosensory cortex |
| temporal lobes | sound (near ears) |
| frontal lobes | essential for complex thought, planning and movement (front of brain) |
| primary motor cortex | helps move body parts in frontal lobe |
| contra laterally | body is mapped up with what movements need more brain |
| prefrontal cortex | compromises 30% of the human brain responsible for rational thought |
| somatic nervous system | sends info to the brain to be process and receives commands |
| autonomic nervous system | regulates the body automatically |
| sympathetic division | "Fight or flight" prepare for action when in danger |
| parasympathetic division | calms down the body so it can rest and digest |
| nature | genetics, physical appearance and biological influence |
| nurture | environment, upbringing and social influences |
| genes | control physical characteristics and predispositions to particular disease |
| phenotype | observable characteristics |
| genotype | the genetic makeup of a particular trait (never changes) |
| brain plasticity | the younger the brain the easier to learn |
| our brains change in three ways | neurogenesis, changing and existing neural connections and brain reorganization |
| neurogenesis | growing new neurons and new connections |
| changing existing neural connections | every time two neurons talk their connection strengthens |
| brain reorganization | new connections can develop between nearby brain regions |
| consciousness | moment by moment awareness |
| normal waking state | clear awareness of external world around you |
| altered state | any deviation of the normal |
| attention | focusing mental resources on specific information |
| system 1 | uses automatic processing |
| system 2 | uses controlled processing |
| change blindness | oblivious to a lot going on around us |
| electroencephalograph | the machine reading the brainwaves |
| stage 1 of sleep | relatively light transitional stage of sleep |
| theta waves | slower frequency of waves |
| hypnagogic hallucinations | myoclonic jerks |
| stage 2 of sleep | deep sleep |
| delta waves | big waves |
| REM sleep | vivid dream happens |
| paradoxical sleep | sleeping body and active brain |
| insomnia | inability to sleep |
| sleep apnea | caused by throat closing during sleep |
| narcolepsy | extreme sleepiness occurs during normal waking hours |
| REM behavior disorder | act out their dream |
| sleepwalking | occurs in slow wave sleep withing an hour or two of falling asleep |
| four main classes of drugs | stimulates, hallucinogens, depressants and opioids |
| stimulates | activate the sympathetic nervous system |
| hallucinogens | these drugs alter sensation and perception |
| physical dependence | occurs when the user develops a tolerance to the drug, so they take more and suffer withdrawal |
| physical and psychological aspects of substance use disorder | people feel and irresistible urge to use a drug despite negative consequences |
Created by:
kearstinlaird