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Earth Systems

Unnit 10

TermDefinition
Earth System Earth Systems are a set of interactions between living and nonliving organisms on the planet.
geosphere The geosphere is the earth itself: the rocks, minerals, and landforms of the surface and interior.
hydrosphere A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet.
cryosphere The cryosphere refers to Earth's ice in all its forms.
Atmosphere Atmosphere is a protective layer of gases that shelters all life on Earth, keeping temperatures within a relatively small range and blocking out harmful rays of sunlight.
Biosphere The part of Earth where life exists; includes all of the living organisms on Earth.
Energy Budget The net flow of energy into and out of a system.
Air pressure The measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface.
thermosphere The uppermost layer of the atmosphere, in which temperature increases as altitude increases.
mesosphere The strong, lower part of the mantle between the asthenosphere and the outer core.
stratosphere The layer of the atmosphere that lies between the troposphere and the mesosphere and in which temperature increases as altitude increases; contains the ozone layer.
troposphere The lowest layer of the atmosphere, in which temerature drops at a constant rate as altitude increases; the part of the atmosphere where weather conditions exist.
ozone layer The layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation.
greenhouse effect The warming of the surface and the lower atmosphere of Earth that occurs when the water vapor, carbon dioxide, and the other gases absorb and reradiate energy.
temperature a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles is an object.
thermal energy The total kinetic energy of a substances atoms.
thermal expansion An increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance.
heat The energy transferred between objects that are at different Temeratures.
radiation The transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves.
convection The movement of matter due to differences in density; the transfer of energy due to the movement of matter.
conduction The transfer of energy as heat through a material.
wind The movement of air caused by differences in air pressure.
coriolis effect The curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth's rotation.
global wind The movement of air over Earth's surface in patterns that are worldwide.
jet stream A narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere.
local wind The movement of air over short distances; occurs in specific areas as a result of certain geographic features.
ocean current A movement of ocean water that follows a regular pattern.
surface current A horizontal movement of ocean water that occurs at or near the ocean.
deep current A streamlike movement of ocean water far below the surface.
convection current Any movement of matter that results from diffrences in density; may be vertical, circular, or cyclical.
Created by: Heidi Ritter
 

 



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