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Respiratory system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what are the organs of the respiratory system responsible for? | bringing air to lungs, exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide, exhaling stale air |
| organs of the respiratory system | nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trechea, bronchail tubes, lungs |
| aer/o | air |
| alveol/o | alveolus |
| anthrac/o | coal |
| bronch/o | bronchus |
| bronchi/o | bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| diaphragmat/o | diaphragm |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| lob/o | lobe |
| muc/o | mucus |
| nas/o | nose |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| ox/i | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o | lung, air |
| pneumon/o | lung, air |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| sept/o | wall |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| somn/o | sleep |
| spir/o | breathing |
| trache/o | trachea, windpipe |
| tuss/o | cough |
| osmia | smell |
| phonia | voice |
| phylaxis | protection |
| pnea | breathing |
| ptysis | spitting |
| what performs the mechanical work of respiration | respiratory organs |
| true or false: constant gas exchange is essential | true |
| what works together on gas exchange | the respiratory and cardiovascular system |
| true or false: respiration must be continous, interruption can cause brain damage or death | true |
| what three parts is respiration divided into | ventilation, external respiration, internal respiration |
| what is ventilation | the flow of air between the outside enviroment and the lungs in two stages |
| what is inhilation | the flow of air into lungs, bringing fresh oxygen into the air sacs |
| what is exhalation | the flow of air out the lungs, removing carbon dioxide |
| what is external respiration | the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. these gasses diffuse in opposite directions. oxygen leaves the air sacs and enters the bloodstream |
| carbon dioxide leaves the bloodstream and enters what | air sacs |
| what is internal respiration | the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide at the cellular level |
| oxygen is needed for what | cell metabolism. it leaves the bloodstream and is delivered to the tissues |
| true or false: carbon dioxide is a waste product | true |
| carbon dioxide leaves the tissues and enters what | the bloodstream for disposal by the lungs |
| air enters the nasal cavity at the what | nares |
| the nasal cavity is divided by what | the nasal septum |
| the palate separates what | the nasal cavity from the mouth. mucus membrane lines the cavity. it secretes mucus |
| mucus cleans the air by what | trapping particles. its moist and helps moisturize the air |
| cilia lines what | the nasal openings and filter air |
| capillaries in the membrane warn the air as what | it passes through |
| paranasal sinuses aid in sound production and what else | voice resonance |
| the pharynx has both respiratory and what | digestive function |
| what is five inches long and is divided into the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx | the pharynx |
| where are the tonsils located and what do they capture | in the pharynx and they capture pathogens |
| the opening of the eustachian tube is where | the nasopharynx |
| what is the larynx | its a muscular structure between the pharynx and the trachea. it contains folds of tissue known as vocal cords |
| what contains the vocal cords | larynx |
| what is the glottis | its an opening between the folds. the folds make sound by vibrating as air passes through the glottis |
| what does the epiglottis prevent | food and liquid from being inhaled into the lungs |
| what covers the larynx and trachea during swallowing | the epiglottis |
| what shunts food from the pharynx to the esophagus | epiglottis |
| the larynx is made of what | cartilaginous plates held in place with ligaments and muscles |
| the trachea is what | a tube composed of smooth muscle and cartilage rings |
| what carries air from the larynx to the main bronchi, is lined with mucous membrane and cilia, which then aids in cleaning, warming, and moisturizing air as it travels through the lungds | trachea |
| what distal end of the trachea divides into what | the left and right main bronchi. each bronchus enters a lung and continous branching |
| what are the narrowest branches of bronchi called | bronchioles |
| where do bronchioles terminate | the alveoli |
| what encases alveoli | pulmonary capillaries |
| where does gas exchange occur | the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries |
| what is each lung a collection of | bonchi, bronchioles, and alveoli |
| what are the lungs protected by | the pleura |
| what does the outer, parietal pleura also line | the chest cavity |
| what does the inner visceral pleura adhere to | the lung surface |
| what does the pleura form a sack around | each lung, called the pleura cavity |
| what is each lung divided into | lobes |
| how many lobes does the right lung have | 3 |
| how many lobes does the left lung have | 2 |
| what is the superior point of the lungs called | the apex |
| what is the lower point of the lungs called | the base |
| what is the medial hilum and entry and exit point for | bronchi, vessels, and nerves |
| what do ribs protect | the lungs and mediastinum |
| what is the measure of volume of air flowing out the lungs used for | to determine lung capacity |
| a respiratory therapist measures lung volume using what | pulmonary function tests |
| tidal volume (TV) | volume of air moving in/out lungs in single breath |
| vital capacity (VC) | volume of air that can be exhaled after maximum inhilation |
| what does the diaphragm produce | a difference in atmospheric and thoracic pressure |
| what increases and decreases what the diaphragm contracts | it increases thoracic volume and decreases thoracic pressure |
| air flows into the lungs to what | equalize the atmospheric and thoracic pressures |
| how do intercostal muscles assist in breathing | by further enlarging the cavity |
| when the diaphragm and intercostals relax, the thoracic cavity becomes | smaller and its pressure increases |
| air flows out in an effort to what | equalize atmospheric and thoracic pressures |
| unforced breaths are what | passive |
| forced breaths are what | active |
| true or false: respiratory rate in breaths per min is one of the vital signs | true |
| rate is regulated by what | carbon dioxide in the blood |
| when the carbon dioxide level is high, breathing is rapid to expel what | waste |
| as levels in carbon dioxide in the air drop, so does what | respiratory rate, altered rates can signal problems |
| aer/o | air |
| alveol/o | alveolus |
| anthrac/o | coal |
| atel/o | incomplete |
| bronch/o | bronchus |
| bronchi/o | bronchus |
| bronchiol/o | bronchiole |
| coni/o | dust |
| cyan/o | blue |
| diaphragmat/o | diaphragm |
| embol/o | plug |
| epiglott/o | epiglottis |
| fibr/o | fibers |
| laryng/o | larynx |
| lob/o | lobe |
| muc/o | mucus |
| myc/o | fungus |
| nas/o | nose |
| ot/o | ear |
| ox/i | oxygen |
| ox/o | oxygen |
| pharyng/o | pharynx |
| pleur/o | pleura |
| pneum/o | air |
| pneumon/o | lung |
| pulmon/o | lung |
| sinus/o | sinus |
| somn/o | sleep |
| spir/o | breathing |
| thorac/o | chest |
| trache/o | trachea |
| tuss/o | cough |
| capnia | carbon dioxide |
| centesis | puncture to withdraw fluid |
| dynia | pain |
| ectasis | dilation |
| lytic | destruction |
| osmia | smell |
| ostomy | surgically create an opening |
| otomy | cutting into |
| phonia | voice |
| pnea | breathing |
| ptysis | spitting |
| scope | instrument for viewing |
| scopy | process of visually examining |
| thorax | chest |
| tic | pertaining to |
| a | without |
| brady | slow |
| endo | within |
| eu | normal |
| hyper | excessive |
| hypo | insufficient |
| tachy | fast |
| bronchial | pertaining to a bronchus |
| laryngeal | pertaining to the larynx |
| nasopharyngeal | pertaining to the nose and pharynx |
| pulmonary | pertaining to a lung |
| septal | pertaining to the nasal |
| thoracic | pertaining to the chest |
| otorhinolaryngology | diagnosis/treatment of ear/nose/throat diseases. otorhinolaryngologist |
| pulmonology | diagnosis/treatment of respiratory disease disorders. pulmonologist |
| anosmia | lack of sense of smell |
| asphyxia | lack of oxygen, unconsciousness, death |
| aphonia | inability to produce sound |
| bradypnea | breathing slowly, low respiratory rate |
| clubbing | abnormal widening/thickening of fingers due to lack of oxygen |
| cyanosis | blue skin caused by low oxygen in blood |
| dyspnea | difficult/labored breathing |
| epistaxis | nosebleed |
| eupnea | normal breathing/respiration rate |
| hemoptysis | coughing blood/blood stained septum |
| hyperpnea | deep breaths |
| hyperventilation | breathing too fast/deep |
| hypoxia | insufficient oxygen from inhaled air |
| orthopnea | difficulty breathing, worse by lying flat, better sitting up |
| patent | open/unblocked |
| phlegm | thick mucus secreted by respiratory membranes |
| pleurodynia | pleural pair |
| rhinorrhea | fluid discharge from nose, runny nose |
| sputum | phlegm coughed up from respiratory tract |
| stridor | harsh high pitched breathing, obstruction in airway |
| croup | acute respiratory condition, mostly found in children, barking type of cough |
| diphtheria | bacterial infection, thick membranes film across throat, high mortality rate |
| pharyngitis | inflammation of pharynx, sore throat |
| asthma | difficulty breathing, bronchospasm, dyspnea, coughing, wheezing |
| chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) | progressive irriversable group of conditions, lungs decreased capacity to function |
| cystic fibrosis (CF) | genetic condition, thick mucus, severe congestion in lungs/digestive tract |
| coronavirus disease (COVID-19) | highly infectious, potentially fatal respiratory infection |
| emphysema | chronic lung condition, destruction of alveolar walls |
| histoplasmosis | fungal infection of lungs |
| mycoplasma pneumonia | less severe longer lasting bacterial pneumia, walking pneumonia |
| pneumoconiosis | accumilation of foreign particles in lungs |
| pneumonia | inflammatory condition of lungs, alveoli/air spaces filling with fluid |
| pulmonary embolism (PE) | obstruction of pulmonary artery by floating blood clot |
| sleep apnea | breathing stops repeatatly during sleep, drop in oxygen levels |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | unexplained death of well infant, child stops breathing for unkown reasons |
| empyema | accumulation of pus in pleural space, pyothorax |
| pleural effusion | accumulation of fluid in pleural cavity, prevents lungs from fully expanding |
| pneumothorax | collection of air in pleural cavity, collapsed lung |
| arterial blood gasses (ABGs) | test of oxygen/carbon dioxide levels in blood |
| sputum culture and sensitivity (C&S) | culture of sputum for bacterial growth, helps determine antibodies |
| sputum cytology | examination of suptum for malignant cells |
| ventilation-perfusion scan | nuclear medicine test, radioactive air inhaled, radioactive dye injected for perfusion portion to detect pulmonary embolism |
| bronchoscope | instrument to visually examine bronchial tubes |
| oximetry | measuring oxygen levels in blood, uses oximeter |
| pulmonary function test (PFT) | tests to measure air flow in/out of lungs, lung volume, gas exchange |
| polysomnography | monitoring sleeping patient to detect sleep apnea |
| sweat test | test for cystic fibrosis, causes large amount of salt in sweat |
| aerosol therapy | meds suspended in mist/inhaled. delivered by nebulized/metered dose inhaler |
| postural drainage | drainage of bronchal secretions, placing patient in positions that use gravity to promote drainage |
| ventilator | machine providing artifical ventilation for patient unable to breath alone |
| laryngoplasty | surgical repair of larynx |
| pleurocentesis | withdrawal of fluid from pleural space |
| rhinoplasty | surgical repair of nose |
| thoracentesis | surgical puncture of chest wall to remove fluids also called thoracocentesis |
| cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) | emergency treatment for when respiratioin/heart stops |
| antitussive | relieves urge to cough, hyoden, vicks formula 44 |
| bronchodilator | relaxes bronchospasms, treats asthma. albuterol, salmeterol |
| expectorant | improves ability to cough up mucus. robitussin, mucinex |
| ABGs | arterial blood gasses |
| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
| CXR | chest x-ray |
| flu | influenza |
| PFT | pulmonary function test |
| RUL | right upper lobe |
| SARS | severe acute respiratory syndrome |
| SIDS | sudden infant death syndrome |
| TV | tidal volume |
| URI | upper respiratory infection |
| aerosol therapy | meds suspended in mist/inhaled. delivered by nebulizrd/metered dose inhaler |
| postural drainage | drainage of bronchial secretions, placing patient in posititions that use gravity to promote drainage |
| ventilator | machine providing artificial ventilation for patient unable to breath alone |
| laryngoplasty | surgical repair of larynx |
Created by:
Kimberly0203