A branch earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.

The crust is the hard and rigid layer of rock that forms Earth’s outermost skin. It is the Earth’s thinnest layer. Compare it to the skin of an onion.

Consists mostly of rocks such as basalt. Basalt is a small dark rock with a fine texture. Considered “young”, newer crust.

Consists mainly of rocks such as granite. Granite is a rock that is usually light in color and has a coarse texture. Continental crust is much “older”

The layer located just below the crust. Made up of hot, but mostly solid rock. Nearly 1,800 miles thick.

This uppermost layer of the mantle that is very similar to the crust. This layer along with the crust form what is referred to as the lithosphere. This layer is divided into slow moving plates of solid rock that hold the continents and oceans.

The asthenosphere is just below the lithosphere. The plates of the lithosphere move, or float, on this surface. It is hotter and under increasing pressure, making it somewhat soft and bendable.

The outer core is the only liquid layer of the Earth, consisting of molten metal (iron and nickel).

The inner core is a dense ball of solid metal. It also consists mostly of iron and nickel at the center of the Earth.

Density is a physical property of matter. Density is defined as mass per unit volume. In other words, density measures how tightly packed particles are in an object.

The transfer of thermal energy between substances of different temperatures.

Heat transferred by the movement of currents within a liquid or gas. The heated particles begin to flow. This flow transfers heat from one part of the liquid or gas to another.

Heat transfer within a material or between materials that ARE touching. Now there IS direct contact between the source of heat and the object.

The transfer of energy through space. There is NO direct contact between the source of heat and the object.

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History of Earth

The History of the Earth

Term	Definition
Geology	A branch earth science concerned with the solid Earth, the rocks of which it is composed, and the processes by which they change over time.
Crust	The crust is the hard and rigid layer of rock that forms Earth’s outermost skin. It is the Earth’s thinnest layer. Compare it to the skin of an onion.
Oceanic Crust	Consists mostly of rocks such as basalt. Basalt is a small dark rock with a fine texture. Considered “young”, newer crust.
Continental Crust	Consists mainly of rocks such as granite. Granite is a rock that is usually light in color and has a coarse texture. Continental crust is much “older”
Mantle	The layer located just below the crust. Made up of hot, but mostly solid rock. Nearly 1,800 miles thick.
Lithosphere	This uppermost layer of the mantle that is very similar to the crust. This layer along with the crust form what is referred to as the lithosphere. This layer is divided into slow moving plates of solid rock that hold the continents and oceans.
Asthenosphere	The asthenosphere is just below the lithosphere. The plates of the lithosphere move, or float, on this surface. It is hotter and under increasing pressure, making it somewhat soft and bendable.
Outer Core	The outer core is the only liquid layer of the Earth, consisting of molten metal (iron and nickel).
Inner Core	The inner core is a dense ball of solid metal. It also consists mostly of iron and nickel at the center of the Earth.
Density	Density is a physical property of matter. Density is defined as mass per unit volume. In other words, density measures how tightly packed particles are in an object.
Formula for density	Mass divided by Volume
Heat	The transfer of thermal energy between substances of different temperatures.
Convection	Heat transferred by the movement of currents within a liquid or gas. The heated particles begin to flow. This flow transfers heat from one part of the liquid or gas to another.
Conduction	Heat transfer within a material or between materials that ARE touching. Now there IS direct contact between the source of heat and the object.
Radiation	The transfer of energy through space. There is NO direct contact between the source of heat and the object.

Created by: user-2064359

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