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APUSH Unit 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the primary goal of the Stamp Act Congress? | To formally petition Parliament to repeal the Stamp Act and assert that taxation without representation was tyranny. |
| Was independence the original goal of early colonial resistance? | No, colonists initially just wanted to experience the full rights guaranteed to British subjects. |
| What was the Declaratory Act? | A law passed after the repeal of the Stamp and Sugar Acts stating Parliament had total power to pass any law governing the colonies. |
| How did colonists respond to the Townshend Acts? | They boycotted taxed goods like glass, paint, and paper, with colonial women playing a major role in enforcing the boycotts. |
| How did Samuel Adams use the Boston Massacre (1770) to advance the colonial cause? | He and the Sons of Liberty publicized the event throughout the colonies as clear evidence of British tyranny. |
| Why did Parliament keep the tax on tea after repealing the Townshend Acts? | To maintain its right to tax the colonies and prop up the financially struggling British East India Company. |
| What did the Tea Act of 1773 do? | It granted the British East India Company a complete monopoly on the tea trade, bypassing colonial merchants. |
| What was the economic impact of the Boston Tea Party? | Protesters destroyed approximately $1.5 million to $2 million worth of tea in modern equivalent value. |
| How did Britain punish Massachusetts through the Coercive Acts (1774)? | By closing Boston Harbor until the destroyed tea was paid for and enacting a new Quartering Act requiring colonists to house and feed British enforcement troops. |
| What were the Navigation Acts? | Laws that forced the colonies to trade exclusively with Great Britain and taxed goods passing through British ports. |
| Why had colonists previously ignored trade restrictions like the Navigation Acts? | Due to Britain's long-standing policy of salutary neglect. |
| What did the Quartering Act require colonists to do? | It forced colonists to house and feed British soldiers, who were stationed there to enforce British policies. |
| What three major trade and tax acts were enacted between 1764 and 1765? | Sugar, currency and stamp act |
| Sugar Act (1764): | Decreased taxes on imported goods like molasses while cracking down on colonial smuggling. |
| Currency Act (1764) | Required the colonies to use British currency. |
| Stamp Act (1765) | Imposed a tax on paper items such as newspapers, diplomas, and playing cards. |
| Why did colonists believe British taxes were unfair? | Because the colonies had their own local representative bodies made of colonists to create local laws, yet lacked representation in Parliament. |
| What was Prime Minister George Grenville's argument regarding "virtual representation"? | He argued that Parliament represented the interests of all British subjects, covering the colonists the same as mainland British citizens. |
| Who made up the Sons of Liberty and Daughters of Liberty, and what was their goal? | They were merchants, traders, and artisans who fought for the repeal of the Stamp Act. |
| How did colonial activist groups keep different colonies informed? | Through committees of correspondence, which flagged and shared information about British infringements on colonial rights. |
| What were the Virginia Resolves? | A series of resolutions passed by the Virginia House of Burgesses that explicitly condemned taxation without representation. |
| What was the Albany Plan of Union? | The first proposal to unite the American colonies under a single representative body. |
| What primary powers did the Albany Plan of Union aim to grant colonial delegates? | The power to levy taxes and raise militias. |
| What were the two main purposes of the centralized authority proposed in the Albany Plan of Union? | To establish a common defense and manage strategic relations with American Indians. |
| Why did Great Britain begin strictly enforcing existing trade laws like the Navigation Acts after years of salutary neglect? | To assert control over colonial trade, forcing colonies to trade exclusively with Great Britain and pay taxes on goods passing through British ports. |
| What was the Proclamation Line of 1763? | Issued by King George III, it banned British settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains, protecting Native rights to the land forever and irritating the colonists. |
| What was Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)? | An uprising where Native forces attacked British forts across the Western region, taking 9 of 11 forts, which ended in July 1766 when Pontiac signed a peace treaty. |
| Who were the Paxton Boys? | A group frustrated with Quaker leadership who killed Native Americans, including attacking a Delaware village and killing 6 people in 1763. |
| What were the Townshend Acts (1767)? | Taxes placed on glass, tea, and paper imported by the colonies. |
| What occurred during the Boston Massacre (1770)? | British soldiers fired on a crowd in Boston; they were later defended in court by John Adams. |
| What were the Intolerable Acts (1774)? | A series of punitive laws that closed Boston Port, limited town meetings, required British soldiers to be tried in England, and instituted a Quartering Act placing troops in colonial homes. |
| What actions were taken by the First Continental Congress in September 1774? | Delegates from 12 of the 13 colonies (excluding Georgia) met to boycott British goods, petition King George III, and protest the Intolerable Acts. |
| What was the significance of the Quebec Act (1774)? | It extended Quebec's border down to the Ohio River Valley, nullifying colonial land claims in that region. |
| What happened at Lexington and Concord in April 1775? | The opening battles of the Revolutionary War where armed, untrained American colonists defeated British forces attempting to seize supplies. |
| What was the outcome of the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775? | The British won the battle, but suffered significantly higher casualties than the Americans. |
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