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Unit 1.4 - 1.6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| involuntary automatic functions. breathing and heart rate (brain's autopilot) | medulla |
| controlling facial expressions, transition to REM sleep. "The pillow" | pons |
| "Rise and shine" mechanism. regulates arousal, alertness, sleep-wake cycle. damage = coma | Reticular Formation (Reticular Activating) System |
| balance and motor control, procedural (muscle) memory | cerebellum |
| part of the limbic system. sensory relay station except smell. processes sensory info and sends to correct region in cerebral cortex | thalamus |
| hunger, thirst, and body temp. homeostasis; regulates automatic nervous system. stimulates endocrine system (pituitary gland) | hypothalamus |
| stimulated = aggressive or more fearful. emotional processing of fear and rage. damage = loss of fear response | amygdala |
| facilitates the formation of explicit memories | hippocampus |
| important in voluntary movement. back bump of frontal lobes | motor cortex |
| registers sensations that arise from the skin and inside the body. sense of touch. front bump of parietal lobes | somatosensory cortex |
| located in temporal lobes; processes info from the ear | auditory cortex |
| located in the occipital lobes; processes info from the eye | visual cortex |
| frontal lobe brain area, usually in the left hemisphere, that helps control language/speech production and written by directing the muscle movements involved in speech | Broca's Area |
| brain area, usually in the left temporal lobe, involved in language/speech comprehension and understanding/use | Wernicke's Area |
| connects the two hemispheres | corpus callosum |
| What is damage to Broca's Area and Wernicke's Area called? | Aphasia |
| spatial awareness, facial recognition, emotion processing, controls left side of body | right hemisphere |
| language (Broca's and Wernicke's Area), logic and analytical thinking | left hemisphere |
| ability of the brain to recognize its structure, functions, and connections in response to experiences, learning, injury, or environmental changes | neuroplasticity |
| What are the limits to neuroplasticity? | age and timing, severity and type of damage, biological factors, and environmental and lifestyle influences |
| blurry/distorted or disconnected from facial identity and have to rely on other cues (face blindness) | prosopagnosia |
| response in spite of visual deficit. respond to visual stimuli but in a non-conscious way | blindsight |
| the sensory process that converts energy, such as light or sound waves, into the form of neural messages | transduction |
| principle that, to be perceives as different, two stimuli must differ by a constant minimum percentage (rather than constant amount) 1lb to 2lbs vs. 100lbs to 101lbs | Weber's law |
| a reflexive physical process in which the lens of the eye adjusts allowing images to become focused | accommodation |
| the theory that opposing retinal processes (red, green) enable color vision. better explains after images and color blindness | opponent-processing theory |
| the retinas contain three types of cone cells, each responding best to a particular wavelength of light. other colors are perceived through the mixing of signals from the cones | trichromatic theory |
| the person cannot see any color at all | monochromatic color blindness |
| has trouble distinguishing red/green or yellow/blue | dichromatic color blindness |
| best at explaining at perceiving high frequency sounds in the basilar membrane | place theory |
| best at explaining at perceiving low frequency sounds | frequency theory |
| series of neurons firing matches at the same frequency | volley theory |
| distance from peak to peak of a wave | wavelength |
| dimension of color determined by the wavelength | hue |
| amount of energy in a wave that determines how bright we perceive it to be | intensity |
| perceived frequency of a sound | pitch |
| height or depth of a wave; perceived loudness of an auditory stimulus | amplitude |
| high threshold of taste (like spice and bitter foods) | non-tasters |
| normal people taste | medium tasters |
| low threshold (taste everything) | supertasters |
| orientation and movement | kinesthetics |
| spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain. (rubbing spot after hitting it) | Gate-control theory of pain |
| enable linguistic processing, muscle movements, higher-order thinking, and executive functioning | frontal lobe |
| sensory input for touch and body position | parietal lobe |
| includes areas that receive info from the visual fields | occipital lobe |
| includes the auditory areas from the opposite ear and language processing | temporal lobe |
| the use of electrodes attached to the skin or scalp to measure electrical activity of the brain. shows function of the brain | electroencephalogram (EEG) |
| cross-sectional X-rays of the brain or other body parts which produced 3D images. shows structure of brain | computed tomography scan (CT scan) |
| uses a radioactive form of glucose to monitor active areas of the brain; a scanner produces computer-constructed images of the brain. shows function of the brain | Positron emission tomography scan (PET scan) |
| uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce computer-generated images that distinguish among different types of brain tissue. shows structure of the brain | magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| measures blood flow in the brain, which indicates areas of the brain that are active or inactive during ordinary activities. shows structure and function of the brain | functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) |
| an organism's awareness of its own self and surroundings. exists on a continuum from low awareness to high awareness | consciousness |
Created by:
AudreyO