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anatomy Exam 2
(a) Bony Thorax
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| how many parts of the bony thorax are there | 5 parts |
| what are the parts of the bony thorax | 1. vertebral column 2. ribs 3. pectoral girdle 4. sternum 5. pelvic girdle |
| vertebral column - what is its functional unit | bony structure made of vertebrae -the vertebrae serve as this |
| vertebrae | bony segments of spinal column made up of 5 sections spanning superiorly to posteriorly -protect and support for the spinal cord |
| what are the 5 parts of the vertebral column | 1. transverse process: bone on either side 2. spinous process: bony bumps posterior 3. vertebral foramen 4, superior + inferior articular FACETS 5. intervertebral DISCS |
| what is the visceral foramen | opening/passageway that the spinal tract passes through |
| what is the superior + inferior articular FACETS | cartilage covered smooth surface that acts as joining point for 2 adjacent vertebrae |
| what are the intervertebral discs | they are in between vertebrae to separate them |
| acronym for the vertebrae of the vertebral (spinal) column | CTLSC |
| what does CTLSC stand for | C:ervical vertebrae T:horacic vertebrae L:umbar vertebrae S:acral vertebrae C:occygeal vertebrae |
| CTLSC and corresponding numbers of vertebrae per letter | C (7) T (12) L (5) S (5) C (1) |
| what can the cervical vertebrae (C1-C7) be broken down into | 3 sections -C1 + C2 -C1-6 -C7 |
| what is C1 also called | atlas |
| what is C2 also called | axis |
| C1 vertebrae | where the skull meets vertebrae -provides skull rotation |
| C2 vertebrae | where skull pivots |
| what is different about the C1 + C2 vertebrae (compared to the rest of the C nerves) | they have larger foramen for the connection to the brain stem and spinal cord |
| C1-6 vertebrae | contain transverse foramen pairs that provide a passageway from the heart to the brain |
| vertebral artery | supplies blood to the brain (through C1-6) (infront of C7) |
| C7 vertebrae | most prominent (large bump at base of neck) -can be palpated |
| what can the thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12) be broken down into | 3 sections -T1 -T2-9 -T10-12 |
| T1 vertebrae | attaches to rib at same level |
| T2-9 vertebrae | attach to rib at same level & to rib below (at the anterior part) |
| T10-12 vertebrae | also attach to rib at same level |
| where are the thoracic vertebrae located | the rib section |
| where are the cervical vertebrae located | the neck portion |
| where are the lumbar vertebrae | below the ribs |
| lumbar vertebrae (L1-5) | attachment for back + abdominal muscles + posterior fibers of the diaphragm -larger mass |
| what is good for lifting and walking | the lumbar vertebrae |
| sacral vertebrae (S1-5) | make up the sacrum |
| sacrum | fused mass of 5 (sacral) vertebrae -provides passage for sacral nerves |
| Coccygeal vertebrae | the coccyx |
| vertebral foramen | where the spinal cord passes through the vertebral column |
| intervertebral foramen | where the spinal nerves exit the spinal cord |
| rib cage 2 main functions | 1. protect lungs and heart 2. provides basis for respiration |
| how does the ribcage allow for respiration | it elevates, increasing lung capacity (thorax increases in size) |
| what allows the rib cage to elevate (attachment points) (2) | the cartilaginous attachment to the sternum - + the posterior attachment with the thoracic vertebrae |
| rib cage at rest VS during inspiration | slopes downward ---> moves up and flares out (widens thorax) |
| what pairs can the ribs be broken into (3) | *ribs 1-7 *ribs 8-10 *ribs 11 +12 |
| which are the vertebrosternal ribs (and acronym) | acronym: true ribs *ribs 1-7 |
| which are the vertebrochondral ribs (and acronym) | acronym: false ribs *ribs 8-10 |
| which are the vertebral ribs (and acronym) | acronym: vertebral *ribs 11 + 12 |
| Which ribs attach directly to the sternum | ribs 1-7 (the true ribs) |
| which ribs attach indirectly to the sternum (how) | ribs 8-10 (false ribs) -via cartilage |
| what vertebrae attach to which ribs | thoracic vertebrae T1, 10, 11, 12 = attach to rib at same level T2-9 = attach to ribs at and below level |
| ribs 1-7 movement VS 8-12 | *1-7 up and FORWARD *8-12 up and LATERAL |
| 3 parts of the sternum | 1. manubrium sterni 2. corpus sterni 3. xiphoid process |
| manubrium sterni | provides attachment for clavicle and rib 1+2 |
| corpus sterni | |
| v | |
| pectoral (shoulder) girdle -2 parts and function | 1) clavicle 2) scapulae - attaches upper extremities |
| clavicle | aka "collarbone" -attaches to sternum |
| sternum | point of attachment for ribs -moves in sync with rib cage during respiration |
| pelvic girdle (+parts) | connects to spine via SACRUM 3 parts: ilium, ischium, pubic bone |
| what is the purpose of the pelvic girdle | -attach lower extremities -strong, capable of bearing translated weight |
| Xiphoid process (aka ensiform) | most inferior part of the sternum -located at level T9+T10 |
| The ___________ attachment consists of a left and right crus arising from lumbar vertebrae | vertebral attachment |
| plexus | branching network of nerves |
| cervical plexus | arises from C3-5 -provides sensory information to the head, neck, and upper extremities |
| brachial plexus | arises from C5 --> T1 -provides sensory info to the upper extremities |
Created by:
liz gelles