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CH 2 - Drug Action

TermDefinition
Log Dose-Effect Curve Measuring the response to the dose of the drug
Potency The amount of drug required to produce an effect
Efficacy Related to the maximal effect of a drug regardless of dose: is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug
Therapeutic action/effect The intended or desired results
Therapeutic range Range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the dose causing the minimum adverse effect
Therapeutic index (TI) Number that determines the safety of a drug (the greater the TI, the safer the drug)
Prophylactic Refers to measures or treatments designed to prevent disease or a condition before it occurs
Receptors A protein in or on a cell that a drug or natural substance binds to in order to cause a specific effect in the body
Agonist A drug that has an affinity for a receptor, combines with a receptor and produces an effect
Antagonist Is a drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it; instead, it blocks or reduces the effect of other substances. Counteracts the action of the agonist.
Renal Kidney
Hepatic Liver
Biotransformation Is the body's way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys
Tolerance The need for an increasingly larger dose of the drug to obtain the same effects as the original dose
Duration The length of a drug's effect
Half-life The half-life of a drug is the amount of time that passes for its concentration to fall to half (50%) of its original blood level
Median effect dose (ED50) The dose required to produce a desired clinical effect in 50% of test subjects. A low effective dose is preferred because it means less drug is needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect
Lethal dose (LD50) Is the amount of a substance that causes death in 50% of a test population. A lower LD means the substance is more toxic
Enteral Drugs are placed directly into the GI tract by oral or rectal administration
Parental Administered or occurring elsewhere in the body other than the mouth and alimentary canal
Absorption The process by which drug molecules are transferred from the site of administration to the circulating blood
Metabolism The body's way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys
Distribution The passage of drugs into various body fluid compartments such as plasma, interstitial fluids and intracellular fluids
Excretion The elimination of a drug and its metabolites from the body
First-pass effect The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is partially broken down by the liver before it reached the bloodstream, reducing the amount of drug available to produce its effect
Created by: user-2063115
 

 



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