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anatomy Exam 2
(a) visceral thorax
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| purpose of the visceral thorax | allow for airflow and communication between lungs and external environment |
| how many and what are the subsections of the visceral thorax | 5 subsections 1. oral and nasal cavities 2. larynx and pharynx 3. trachea 4. esophagus 5. lungs |
| which subsections of the VT contain mucous | 1, 2, 3, and 5 |
| main function of the (1.) nasal and oral cavities | protect the lungs |
| 2 subfunctions of the (1) nasal and oral cavities | 1. safeguard lungs against pollutants (epithial cilia, coughing) 2. warm + humidify air entering lungs |
| pharynx main function | connects trachea with oral and nasal cavities |
| larynx main function | protect airways from intrusion of foreign objects |
| trachea (2 functions) | 1. carries air in + out of lungs 2. protect lungs (safeguards + humidifies) |
| esophagus | channel to digestive system. -stays in collapsed position during swallowing to prevent food from entering trachea |
| lungs function | completes gas exchange |
| what are the lungs primarily made of | elastic (vascular) tissue |
| where are the lungs located | above the diaphragm in the thorax |
| right vs left lung | right lung = 3 lobes left lung = 2 lobes (mediastinum) |
| mediastinum | space containing the heart, blood vessels, nerves, esophagus |
| why is the left lung smaller than the right? | the mediastinum and pericardium sit more towards that side making it smaller |
| pericardium | membrane that surrounds the heart (between lungs) |
| Lining of the lungs | pleural lining -has 3 parts |
| what is the pleural lining | continuous membrane of cells -covers lungs and thoracic wall |
| what are the 3 parts of the pleural lining | 1. parietal pleura 2. intrapleural fluid 3. visceral pleura |
| what is the parietal pleura | cover outside lung |
| what does the parietal pleura do | maintains negative pressure keeping lungs in place |
| what is intrapleural fluid (and for what) | mucous solution that creates suction and negative pressure for pleural linkage -protects from pneumothorax |
| what is pleural linkage | maintains connection between lungs and thoracic wall |
| how does pleural linkage work | it reduces surface tension to allow for smooth lung movement -slippery surface, low-friction gliding |
| what binds the parietal and visceral pleura | intrapleural fluid |
| what is pneumothorax | collapsed lung |
| parietal pleura: how many types are there / why are there different types | 4 types -each are named according to the structures it touches |
| what are the 4 types of parietal pleura | 1. coastal pleura (ribs) 2. apical pleura (top part) 3. diaphragmatic pleura (diaphragm) 4. mediastinal pleura (heart cavity) |
| what are the levels of the lungs (4) | 1. bronchus or primary bronchi 2. bronchi: secondary + tertiary 3. bronchiole 4. alveoli |
| bronchus (or primary bronchi) | large tubes that split from the trachea at the carina |
| bronchi (secondary + tertiary) | smaller tubes that do repeated branching |
| bronchiole | final terminal tube that connects to alveoli |
| where are alveoli located | at the terminal bronchi |
| alveoli | small cavities at the 4th level of lung -surrounded by thin-walled capillaries that allow for GAS EXCHANGE |
| inward function of alveoli | absorb oxygen from capillary network |
| outward function of alveoli | transport carbon dioxide out of alveoli to capillary network |
| what does surfactant of alveoli do | maintains elasticity of lungs (lowers surface tension) |
| what is surfactant of alveoli | substance secreted by cuboidal cells in the lung |
| when does surfactant of alveoli develop | 8-9 months during pregnancy |
Created by:
liz gelles