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Bio: Chapter 3 vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Organic Compounds | Carbon based molecules usually containing hydrogen atoms as well |
| Isomers | Compounds with the same formula but different structural arragement |
| Hydrocarbons | Molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen |
| Macromolecules | Very large, complex molecules built from smaller repeating subunits that are essential for life |
| Polymers | Cells that make most of their macromolecules by joining smaller molecules into chains |
| Monomers | The building block of polymers |
| Dehydration reaction | A reaction that removes a molecule of water as 2 molecules become bonded together (Endothermic) |
| Hydrolysis | A reaction where water splits a compound's bonds to break a larger molecule into smaller parts |
| Enzymes | Macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells |
| Carbohydrates | Essential macronutrients made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen |
| Monosacharides | Monomers of carbohydrates (Simple sugars) |
| Glucose | A common monosacchride and a simple sugar great for energy |
| Disaccharides | A simple sugar made of 2 monosaccharide monomers by a dehydration synthesis |
| Polysacchrides | Macromolecules, polymers of lots of monosacchrides linked together by a deydration reaction |
| Starch | A storage polysacchride in plants consisting of long chains of glucose monomers |
| Glycogen | A polysacchride where glucose is stored |
| Cellulose | A polymer of glucose, but it's monomers are linked together in a different orientation |
| Chitin | A structural polysacchride used by insects to build their exoskeleton |
| Lipids | A diverse group of molecules with the trait of not mixing well with water |
| Hydrophobic | Fear water |
| Fat | A large lipid made from glycerol and fatty acids |
| UNSATURATED fat | A fatty acid whose hydrocarbon chain contains one or double bond |
| Saturated fat | A fatty acid that has no double bond in it's hydrocarbon chain |
| Trans fat | Created when unsaturated fats convert to saturated fats by adding hydrogen |
| Phospholipids | Lipid molecules that form the structural foundation of a cell membrane |
| Steroids | Lipids that the carbon skeleton contains 4 fused rings |
| Cholesterol | Common component found in animal cell membranes |
| Anabolic steroids | Synthetic variants of testosterone |
| Protein | A polymer |
| Denaturation | A process where a protein unravels, losing its specific shape and function |
| Amino acids | Organic compounds that act as the building blocks of protein |
| Peptide bond | A covalent chemical bond that links two consecutive amino acids together to form proteins and peptides |
| Polypeptide | When additional amino acids are added to a peptide bond |
| Nucleic acids | A large biological molecules that store, transmits, and express genetic information (DNA, RNA) |
| Nucleotides | The monomers that make up nucleic acids |
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Cooking with Sophie