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BIO102 Protists

QuestionAnswer
Paraphyletic Do not share a single common ancestor that includes all descendants (EX: Protists) > > this is why Kingdom Protista was abandoned.
4 Supergroups of Eukaryotes Excavata SAR Clade Archeaplastida Unikonta
What are the most nutritionally diverse Eukaryotes? Protists
Photoautotrophs Possess chloroplast and make food via photosynthesis.
Heterotrophs Absorb organic molecules or ingest larger food molecules
Mixotrophs Combine photosynthesis and heterotrophic nutrition. (Usually small single - celled organisms. . . EX: Venus Fly Trap)/
Colonial Individual cells living together in groups. (EX: Volvox; green algae).
Diversity of Protists Can be photoautotrophs, heterotrophs or mixotrophs. Reproduction & Life Cycles vary, > both sexual & asexual species. Can live in Diverse Habitats > freshwater & marine. Most are unicellular, but some are colonial (clustered) or multicellular.
How do most protists come together? Endosymbiosis. . . 1 cell lives inside of another cell and they both have a mutually beneficial relationship. Early eukaryotes engulfed bacteria > became mitochondria, later engulfed photosynthetic bacteria > became plastids (chloroplasts).
Secondary Endosymbiosis A eukaryotic cell engulfs another eukaryotic cell that already has a plastid (chloroplast).
Excavata Diplomonads & Parabasalids Euglenozoans (Kinteoplastids and Euglenids) Characterized by having a different cytoskeleton. Modified mitochondria; spiral or crystalline rod inside flagella
Diplomonads & Parabasalids Anaerobic Modified mitochondria > nonfunctional as it lacks DNA, ETC, and CAC enzymes. Lacks plastids. Diplomonads = 2 nuclei + mult flagella (EX: Giardia). Para =
Created by: user-2064055
 

 



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