off-season vegetation planted over fields and plowed to decompose for the main crop

savannas resulting from degraded habitats, such as forests cleared unsustainably through human development or agriculture

when fertile land becomes unsustainable for vegetation

period of severe, decade-long drought combined with poor agricultural practices, which caused devastating wind erosion and soil loss across North America in the 1930s

broadleaf and lower shrub vegetation

division of habitat, which prevents genetic material from being shared between plants, introduces invasive species and limits the ability for grasslands to burn naturally

ecosystems dominated by grasses and forbs, typically found in semi-arid areas which receive less than about 35 inches of precipitation annually

nitrogen-rich plants, such as soybeans, clover or peas; commonly used in cover crops

grassland found in mountain areas with high altitudes

sustainable agricultural practice where crop stubble is left in the field, and the next crop is planted directly into it without disturbing the soil

when livestock decimate vegetation and compact soil through excessive grazing, leading to erosion and loss of sod

planting different crops in an area each year

method of carefully managing and moving livestock between areas of land to prevent overgrazing

grassland with trees in landscape

Sustainable Agriculture

farming practices which develop and sustain healthy nutrient levels in soil, utilize water appropriately, minimize pollution and promote biodiversity

used to control weeds and aerate soil

long-term shifts in global temperature and weather patterns, including precipitation and wind patterns

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Grasslands

Environmental Science Unit 4

Term	Definition
Cover Crops	off-season vegetation planted over fields and plowed to decompose for the main crop
Derived Savannas	savannas resulting from degraded habitats, such as forests cleared unsustainably through human development or agriculture
Desertification	when fertile land becomes unsustainable for vegetation
Dust Bowl	period of severe, decade-long drought combined with poor agricultural practices, which caused devastating wind erosion and soil loss across North America in the 1930s
Forb	broadleaf and lower shrub vegetation
Fragmentation	division of habitat, which prevents genetic material from being shared between plants, introduces invasive species and limits the ability for grasslands to burn naturally
Grasslands	ecosystems dominated by grasses and forbs, typically found in semi-arid areas which receive less than about 35 inches of precipitation annually
Legumes	nitrogen-rich plants, such as soybeans, clover or peas; commonly used in cover crops
Montane	grassland found in mountain areas with high altitudes
No-Till	sustainable agricultural practice where crop stubble is left in the field, and the next crop is planted directly into it without disturbing the soil
Overgrazing	when livestock decimate vegetation and compact soil through excessive grazing, leading to erosion and loss of sod
Rotational Crops	planting different crops in an area each year
Rotational Grazing	method of carefully managing and moving livestock between areas of land to prevent overgrazing
Savanna	grassland with trees in landscape
Sustainable Agriculture	farming practices which develop and sustain healthy nutrient levels in soil, utilize water appropriately, minimize pollution and promote biodiversity
Tillage	used to control weeds and aerate soil
Urbanization	spread of human infrastructure
Climate Change	long-term shifts in global temperature and weather patterns, including precipitation and wind patterns

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