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A$P ch3,4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is plasma cell membrane | phospholipid bilayer that surrounds a cell and is selectively permeable -provides an electrochemical gradient across the memebrane |
| how to plasma cell transport across the plasma membrane | simple diffusion, cosmosis and faciliated diffusion |
| what is simple diffusion | transport of molecules from a area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
| what is cosmosis | transport of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration across a selectively permeasible membrane. A passive process |
| How is isotonic solution accosited with transports | being the same on both sides of the cell membrane. In this state there is no net movement of molecules across the memebran |
| What is the is faciliated diffusion | movement of certain molecules across the plasma membrane, from an area of high concentration active process reaquire ATP. |
| what is primary active facilitated diffusion | transports specific molecules move specifc substances across memebrane |
| what is secondary active transport | energy stored in na+ h+ concentration gradient is used to drive other substances across the membrane against thier own |
| what is a symportor | transporter that moves two substances in the same direction |
| waht is a antiporter | transporter tahat makes two substances in the opposite direction |
| what is a vesicular transport | receport mediated endocytosis-movement of speficic ligands into a cell by forming a vesicle around that material |
| What is cytoplastasm | region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrain |
| what is the cytosol | fluid portion of the cytoplasm, mostly water |
| what are organelles | specific structures that pertain specific functions in a cell |
| what is a cytoskelton | network to proteins filcrents and microfilanents-thinnest type of filcrent |
| what are ribosomes | sites of protein synthesis |
| what is rer | rough endoplasmic reticulum-membrane that extends from the nuclear envolope |
| what is smooth endoplasmic reticulum | extends from the rer, does not have ribosomes |
| what is the golgi complex | the sack of flattened membrane sacs, associated with protein modication and flc transport of final product |
| what is the lysome | membrane bound sacs smaller of digestive enzyme |
| what is peroxisomes | membrane bound sacs smaller than lysomes contains catalase, breaks down hydrogen peroxide |
| waht is the mitochondra | structure sdesigned to produce large quanities of atp |
| what is the nucleus | surround of double membrane known as nuclear |
| what is a nuceolus | site of of ribosome synthesis inside the nucleus, contains 46 strans of dna known as chromatin |
| what is a transcription protein synthesis | sysnthesis of using dna of the template, messenger of rna is synthesized from genes then transported to the cytoplasm and often modiedied before leaving the nucleous is translated |
| what is a protein synthesis | intron-portion of the mrna that is removed from the original transcriptand copied from the gen, the remains in the nucleus(that is not translated) |
| what is translation protein synthesis | producing proteins using mrna as template, occurs in the cytoplasm at the ribosomes, main component of the ribosomes in the ribosomal mrna |
| what is a transfer rna | moves through the cytoplasm to obtain amino acids than transport amino acids to the ribosomes for the protein synthesis |
| what is the cell cycle in somatic cells | the orderly sequence of events in which cell duplicates its contents and divies into two cells |
| what are the two portions of cell cycle | interphase: longest portion of the cell cycle, the cell is metabolocally active |
| what are the stages of the interphase | b1-when the cell has the highest metabolic activity, cells is going to reproduction organellles are produced sphase-dna replication g2 phase-enzymes required for mitosis and the remaining cellular components are manufactured |
| what are the stages of mitoses | prophase-nuclear enelopes disapears-chromotin to chromosomes metaphase-chrom line along equatorial plat anaphase-chrom seperate than travelto words the centrioles telophase-chromoses reach their destinction then uncondense cytokinesis- divisions of cy |
| what is the tissue level of organization | group of similar cells that usually has a common embryonic orgin functioning together to carry out specialized activities |
| what are cell junctions | compact joints between the plasma membrane of the tissue cells |
| what are tight junctions | fluid tight seals between cells that line organ surfaces or body cavities |
| what are adherenes junctions | large protein structures along the inside of cell membrane that link the cytoskelton and adjacent cells. help tissue epithelial cells reist resperation. |
| what are desomes | proteins sturctues smaller then adhesions junct. which add strengh to surface epthelial tissue and cardia tissue |
| what are hemid esmosomes | half desomes, anchor cells to thier basement and membrane |
| what are gap junctions | tiny fluid channels between adjacent cells and allows for the passage of ions small molecles to pass between cells |
| what are epithelial tissues | covers body surfaces, internal and external |
| what is connective tissue | proection and support of body structures |
| what is muscle tissue | provides the force necessary for movement |
| what is the nervous tissue | coordination of body cavectivities |
| what is epical surface | in epith tissue; outr edge (surface of skin) |
| what is lumen | the space that lies next to the the apical surface of certain epithelial tissue |
| what is the basal surface | attahes to the connective tissue |
| what is the basment membrane | thin structure which usually consists of two layers that are located between the connective tissue or epithelial cells |
| what is the avascular | lacing blood supply, epithelial tissue lacks blood bessels |
| what are squamous cell shape | flattened, scale-like |
| what are cuboidal cell shape | cells as all as they are wide |
| what are columar cell shape | cells that are taller than thier width, are cylindrical or rectangular |
| what is transitional | cells change shape as they are are stretched |
| what are simple epith cells | singular layer of cells |
| what are stratified epithel cels | tissues is tow or more layers of cells in thickness |
| what is pseudostratified | since layer of cells that appear to be, not all cells extend to the apical surface |
| what is the cilia in a apical surface | hair like structures that move substances along the surface of cells |
| what is the micruilli in apical surface | finger like cytoplasmic projections that increase surface |
| what are globet cells in apical surface | modified colomner cells that secrete mucous |
| what is a glad in a glandular epithelium | cell or group of cells that secrete substances |
| what are edocrine glands | release their secretions into ducts empty into surface of epithelium |
| what is a merocrine gland as a fuctional classification of exocrine glands | secretions are released from apical surface via secretory vesicles ex; salivary gland |
| what is a apocrine glad as a functional class of exocrine gland. | accumulate secretory product at apical region of a cell. the apical region pinches off from the to release the secretion. The remaining portion of the cell regenerates. ex. sweat glands located in |
| what is a halocrine gland as a functional class of exocrine gland | to release the secretion. The remaining portion of the cell regenerates. ex. sweat glands located in |
| what does the membrane look like of a merocrine gland | flat sheet of pilaable tissues that coveres or lines a part of the body |
| what are the types of membrances | epithellial tissue, snovial membrane, muscle, connective tissue |
| what is the muccous membrane | lines body cavitiesthat open into the exterior - prevents dehydration and mechanical protection |
| what is the serous membrane | lines organs inside of the body (i.e. that do not open into the exterior) - this lining is covered with simple squamous epithelium - contains parietal and visceral layers ex. pleura, pericardium, peritoneum |
| what is the synovial membrane | lines the cavities of freely moveable joints - does not contain epithelium - Synoviocytes secrete synovial fluid which lubricate and nourishes the cartilag |
Created by:
annabreuer