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PBS 1.1.5-1.1.6
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Maurice Wilkins-what did he do | he helped Rosalind Franklin take the first x-ray pictures of DNA and its structure |
| genes | sequences of DNA together |
| what do genes code for | proteins |
| what do proteins in DNA show | a phenotype |
| genome | all of the genetic material in an organism |
| genetics | the study of genes and stuff |
| histones | DNA wraps around histones in chromosomes |
| chromosomes | a whole bunch of DNA put together in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell |
| nucleotides | a nucleotide has 3 PARTS- a phosphate group, a deoxyribose sugar and a nitrogenous base |
| DNA profile-what is it and how is it used | it is all of the DNA in an organism and it is used for identification and forensic purposes |
| is a red blood cell a source of DNA? | no |
| are bones sources of DNA? | yes |
| is hair a source of DNA? | yes |
| are preserved body parts sources of DNA? | yes |
| are clothes/fibers sources of DNA? | yes |
| are bodily fluids and saliva sources of DNA? | yes |
| how is DNA gathered from a person of interest? | they swab them in the inside of the cheek |
| how does extraction of human DNA work? (explain the process we did in the lab) | you get the cells out of the mouth (swish with salt water), then you break open the cell membrane and nuclear membrane to let DNA out,(mix DNA with extraction buffer) then you bundle strands of DNA together to make them visible (put cold ethanol and mix) |
| Polymerase chain reaction | it is used to make copies of DNA, takes place in a thermocycler, the three steps are denaturation (heating the DNA to break apart hydrogen bonds) annealing (add DNA primers that attach to DNA fragments) and extension (TaQ polymerase builds onto it) |
| restriction endonucleases (enzymes) | an enzyme that binds to specific restriction sites in PCR and cuts the DNA |
| recognition sites (restriction sites) | where the restriction enzymes cut |
| restriction digest (DNA digest) | the process of cutting DNA molecules into multiple pieces using restriction enzymes |
| what is the order in which these things are done when doing DNA analysis (order PCR, Gel Electrophoresis, DNA extraction, Restriction Digest) | DNA extraction, PCR, restriction digest, and gel electrophoresis |
| purine | two ringed base (A and G) |
| pyrimidine | one ringed base (C and T) |
| how many hydrogen bonds to A and T have versus C and G | A and T have two, C and G have three |
| TaQ polymerase | the enzyme used in PCR because it doesn't denature at high temperatures, is found in hot springs |
| Chargaff's Rule | he found that the same amount of A is in an organism as T, and same amount of G is in an organism as C, so he figured out the base pairings from that |
| Watson and Crick | they discovered the DNA double helix structure |
| Rosalind Franklin | she was the first person to take a photo of DNA via x-ray |
| what substance does gel electrophoresis use as a buffer | agarose |
| what is a Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RLFP) and how are they formed? | RFLPS are variations of DNA fragment sizes produced when DNA is cut with restriction enzymes. The variations in length are due to differences in each organisms DNA sequence |
| look at the parts of the gel and label | did u its important! |
| what do the first and second stops do on a micropipette | the first stop draws up the liquid, second stop dispenses it |
| how many milliliters in a liter | 1,000 |
| how many microliters in a liter | 1 million |
| accuracy | how close a measurement is to the true or accepted value |
| precison | the degree to which repeated measurements show the same result |
| look at the parts of a micropipetter | did u do it??? it's important!!! |
| CODIS | the national DNA database |
| loading dye | dye that is added to the DNA in gel electrophoresis to make it easier to see |
Created by:
I'mtheAlpha