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cellular and mitosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Prophase | begin to condense , mitotic spindle begins to form |
| Metaphase | chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and spindle fibers attach via kinetochores |
| Anaphase | chromosomes start to segregate, pulling apart from each other |
| Telophase | Chromosomes decondense and the nuclear envelop reforms |
| What is the difference between plant and animal cells durning cytokinesis ? | animal cells pinch at the cleavage furrow, while plant cells have a stiff cell wall, preventing this. Instead, vesicles from the Golgi apparatus align at the cell plate that contain precursors to form a cell wall between the two new cells |
| cells make proteins called? | cyclins |
| where does glycolysis take place in a eukaryotic cell? | cytoplasm |
| which molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic cellular respiration? | oxygen |
| what is the main product of the citric acid cycle that carries high energy electrons to the electron transport chain? | NADH |
| in which part of the mitochondrion does the citric acid cycle occur ? | mitochondrial matrix |
| What is the main function of the electron transport chain? | to create a proton gradient used to make ATP |
| which process regenerates NAD when oxygen is unavailable? | fermentation |
| A researcher treats isolated mitochondria with a chemical that makes the inner mitochondria membrane freely permeable to protons. Oxygen and glucose-derived electron carriers are still available. what is the most likely affect ? | protons |
| which organelle produces the energy a cell needs to carry out its function ? | mitocondria |
| what is the function of ribosomes? | protein synthesis |
| what is chromatin made of ? | DNA and proteins(histones) |
| During photosynthesis, electrons are stripped from what molecule, creating oxygen? | Water |
| what type of transport requires energy? | Active transport |
| which of these happens during the Calvin/dark cycle of photosynthesis ? | carbon dioxide is fixed into organic molecules/ sugars are produced |
| which macromolecules contain C,H,O,N and P | Nucleic acids |
| Which macromolecules contain only C,H and O? there may be more than one? | carbohydrates and lipids |
| What two things are only present in plant cells? | cell wall and chloroplasts |
| In which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids begin to separate to opposite poles of the cell? | anaphase |
| what powers the proton pumps in an electron transport chain? | energy released by electrons |
| what would not be found in a prokaryote ? | Nucleus |
| What is the source of electrons in the ETC in a cellular respiration? | NADH and FADH2 |