low does-effect curve

Measuring the response to the dose of the drug

The amount of drug required to produce an effect

related to the maximal effect of a drug regardless of dose: is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug

therapeutic action/effect

the intended or desired results

range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the dose causing the minimum adverse effect.

therapeutic index (TI)

number that determines the safety of a drug. (the greater the TI, the safer the drug)

refers to measures or treatments designed to prevent disease or a condition before it occurs

is a protein in or on a cell that a drug or natural substance binds to in order to cause a specific effect in the body.

is a drug that has an affinity for a receptor, combines with a receptor and produces an effect.

Is a drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it; instead, it blocks or reduces the effect of other substances. Counteracts the action of the agonist.

is the body’s way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys.

the need for an increasingly larger dose of the drug to obtain the same effects as the original dose

is the length of a drug’s effect

the half-life of a drug is the amount of time that passes for its concentration to fall to half (50%) of its original blood level.

median effect dose (ED50)

is the dose required to produce a desired clinical effect in 50% of test subjects. A low effective dose is preferred because it means less drug is needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.

is the amount of a substance that causes death in 50% of a test population. A lower LD means the substance is more toxic.

Drugs are placed directly into the GI tract by oral or rectal administration

Administered or occurring elsewhere in the body other than the mouth and alimentary canal.

Is the process by which drug molecules are transferred from the site of administration to the circulating blood.

is the body’s way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys.

The passage of drugs into various body fluid compartments such as plasma, interstitial fluids and intracellular fluids.

The elimination of a drug and its metabolites from the body

The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is partially broken down by the liver before it reaches the bloodstream, reducing the amount of drug available to produce its effect.

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chapter 2

ch 2 flashcards

Term	Definition
low does-effect curve	Measuring the response to the dose of the drug
potency	The amount of drug required to produce an effect
efficacy	related to the maximal effect of a drug regardless of dose: is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug
therapeutic action/effect	the intended or desired results
therapeutic range	range between the dose causing the minimum effect and the dose causing the minimum adverse effect.
therapeutic index (TI)	number that determines the safety of a drug. (the greater the TI, the safer the drug)
prophylactic	refers to measures or treatments designed to prevent disease or a condition before it occurs
receptors	is a protein in or on a cell that a drug or natural substance binds to in order to cause a specific effect in the body.
agonist	is a drug that has an affinity for a receptor, combines with a receptor and produces an effect.
antagonist	Is a drug that binds to a receptor but does not activate it; instead, it blocks or reduces the effect of other substances. Counteracts the action of the agonist.
renal	kidney
hepatic	liver
biotransformation	is the body’s way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys.
tolerance	the need for an increasingly larger dose of the drug to obtain the same effects as the original dose
duration	is the length of a drug’s effect
half life	the half-life of a drug is the amount of time that passes for its concentration to fall to half (50%) of its original blood level.
median effect dose (ED50)	is the dose required to produce a desired clinical effect in 50% of test subjects. A low effective dose is preferred because it means less drug is needed to achieve the desired therapeutic effect.
lethal dose (LD50)	is the amount of a substance that causes death in 50% of a test population. A lower LD means the substance is more toxic.
enteral	Drugs are placed directly into the GI tract by oral or rectal administration
parental	Administered or occurring elsewhere in the body other than the mouth and alimentary canal.
absorption	Is the process by which drug molecules are transferred from the site of administration to the circulating blood.
metabolism	is the body’s way of changing a drug so that it can be more easily excreted by the kidneys.
distribution	The passage of drugs into various body fluid compartments such as plasma, interstitial fluids and intracellular fluids.
excretion	The elimination of a drug and its metabolites from the body
first pass effect	The first-pass effect occurs when a drug is partially broken down by the liver before it reaches the bloodstream, reducing the amount of drug available to produce its effect.

Created by: kyragressett

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