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PSY3403
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Causation has three requirements. What is the first one? | Association |
| Causation has three requirements. What is the second one? | Temporal precedence |
| Causation has three requirements. What is the third one? | Non-spuriousness |
| What is the truest way to prove causation? | True experiment |
| A true experiment requires three things. What is the first one? | The manipulation of a variable |
| A true experiment requires three things. What is the second one? | Random assignment |
| A true experiment requires three things. What is the third one? | A control group |
| What is a theory? | Explanation for a phenomenon (backed by data and research) |
| What is a hypothesis? | Testable prediction based on variables that can support or not support a theory |
| Theories are usually evaluated on three criteria. What is the first criteria? | Simplicity: Least moving parts or required resources (parsimony) |
| Theories are usually evaluated on three criteria. What is the second criteria? | Comprehensiveness: Must be inclusive of all phenomena around the area and allows for increased productivity |
| Theories are usually evaluated on three criteria. What is the third criteria? | Predictive: Testable hypothesis that allows the theory to fail and allows falsification |
| What is the pro of lab research? | Maximum control over compounds |
| What is the pro of field research? | Less controlled but possibly more generalizable |
| What is mundane realism? | Accurately simulating real-life experiences |
| What is experimental realism? | Having the participant react in a realistic fashion rather than contrived behavior |
| What is the difference between mundane realism and experimental realism? | Mundane refers to the experiment, experimental refers to the participants |
| What is a pilot study? | A low-powered initial run of the experiment to test all parts of the experiment |
| What is a matched or yoked sample? | Participants in each group are matched on some dimension |
| What type of design makes it easier to find significance? | Within-subjects |
| What are order effects? | Consecutive tests will be different results than initial test due to familiarity |
| What are progressive effects? | Skills increase with repeated tests |
| What are carryover effects? | Initial test mindset (Easy or difficult) will carryover to consecutive tests |
| What are the problems with within-subjects design? | Order effects, progressive effects, carryover effects |
| What are the problems with longitudinal design? | Cost and attrition |
| How can longitudinal designs be controlled for confounds? | Cross-sectional studies |
| What is the problem with cross-sectional studies? | Cohort effects |
| What is experimenter bias? | Participants knowing protocols or inside info on the study |
| What is a single blind study? | When no participant knows what group they're in |
| What is a double blind study? | When no one but the highest executives of a study know group assignments |
| What is participant bias? | Participants give random or nonrealistic information |
| What is reliability? | Consistency in results, even if not necessarily accurate |
| What is true score? | The accurate score being represented |
| What is error? | How much results differ from true score |
| What is internal reliability? | Items on a scale are inter-correlated to ensure they are measuring the same variables |
| What is inter-rater agreement? | Raters or judges of a scale and levels reach agreement |
| What is split-half reliability? | Reliability based on correlations between scale scores, where two separate halves of a scale should be equal |
| What is test-retest reliability? | Retests should produce similar results to original to original test |
| What is "Alternate form" reliability? | Reliability based on correlations between scale scores, where different tests or questions may be used but correlate to each other |
| What is validity? | The scale matches the measured results |
| What is face validity? | A visual scan fails to prove scale as valid (judging a book by its cover) |
| What is internal validity? | Internal mechanics and methodology make sense |
| What is statistical conclusion validity? | Correct statistic is being used on the study |
| What is external validity? | Study findings match real-world happenings |
| What is construct validity? | Overall study (question, variables, correlations) make sense |
| What is content validity? | The correct questions that predict phenomenon are being asked |
| What is criterion-related validity? | Item or scale is required to have an empirical association with some criteria or "gold standard in the field" |
Created by:
juangon