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Intro to Dairy Cows
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Product made from dairy cows | Milk, butter, cheese, yogurt, ice cream, dry and condensed milk, whey powder, cottage cheese, ultra-filtered milk |
| Products made from dairy beef | Bull calves, market/cull cows |
| How much of the American diet is dairy? | 10% |
| How have the dairy products consumed by Americans changed? | More cheese and less milk, high protein products |
| Who consumes more milk products than Americans? | Europeans, top country is Denmark |
| Definition of milk | Must come from the mammary gland of a mammal |
| Are plant based alternatives milk? | No |
| 3 biggest milk producers | India, EU, USA |
| Top USA milk importers | Mexico, Canada, Japan, China |
| Biggest dairy states | California (1.7 million), Wisconsin (1.2 million), Idaho (700,000), Texas (690,000), New York (640,000) |
| Average dairy herd size | About 377 cows |
| Where are the large US herds? | New Mexico, Arizona, Texas |
| What is a large dairy herd? | About 3,000 cows |
| How many cows are in herds in WI and NY? | About 200 cows |
| Where does most of the USA's milk come from? | Large herds of over 1,000 |
| How much milk does the average cow make? | 26,000 lbs/year, 8 gallons of milk/day |
| Main dairy cow breeds in US | Holstein, Jersey, Hojo |
| Holstein | Black and white, most common in US, high milk production |
| Jersey | Brown, far less common, high percent fat and protein, ideal for dairy products |
| Hojo | Holstein-Jersey cross breed, known for longevity and health |
| Old Jo | 1910 Holstein cow from MO, held world milking record for 26,861 lbs/year |
| Stress | The force applied to an object |
| Strain | How much an object bends under stress |
| Resilient cow | A cow that is stressed but shows little strain as a response |
| How are most dairies organized in the modern day? | Mostly large dairies with a lot of cows in a freestall barn |
| Freestall barn | A barn where cows can chose to either feed or lay down |
| Dry lots | Popular out west where cows are kept off pasture and fed |
| What is most of cows feed consisting of? | Corn silage and alfalfa hay |
| Parlors | Where cows go to get milked, can be double or rotaries |
| Center-pivot irrigation | A way to irrigate crops where the crops are grown in a circular field as they are watered from a central system |
| Monitoring tags and collars | Allows you to identify and manage individual cows in large operations |
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