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Periodicity
Clements 1st
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Who was Dimitri Mendeleev? | -"Father of the perodic table" 1869 -organized elements by atomic mass -"eka": term for the missing elements names |
| Who is Lothar Meyer? | -organized the perodic table by atomic volumes after Mendeleev |
| Who is Henry Moseley? | -Student of Rutherford -X-ray diffraction;atomic number -Organized perodic table by atomic # |
| Hydrogen? | -nonmetal -highly reactive -most abundant -1 valence electron |
| Group 1 Elements: The Alkali Metals? | -exclude Hydrogen -soft (can be cut with a dull knife) -Highly reactive ( especially with water) -Make basic solutions in water -Good conductors of electricty(Na used in street lights) -one valence electron(when lost it is known as a Soudo reaction) |
| Group 2 Elements: The Alkaline Earth Metals? | -harder than A. Metals -reactive, but not as reactive as Alkalis -makes basic solutions in H2O -All solids -Found in compunds with structural integrity(emeralds, aircraft, marble) - 2 Valence electrons |
| Group 3-12(b) Elements: Transition Metals? | -Harder than 1 & 2 groups -Not very reactive -Varying properties -most good conductors -All soild except Hg -all natural except Tc |
| Lanthanide & Actinide Series: Inner Transition Metals? | -Lanthanides: shiny & reactive -some useful;Nd magnets -Actinides: have at least 1 isotope -Transuranium elements are Atomic #93 and up are all synthetic and radio active (Np-Cr) |
| The Metalloides? | -B Si Ge As Sb Te -Semiconductors- sometimes conduct/insulate -very cold- good conductors -very hot- good insulators |
| Group 17 Elements: The Halogens? | -Most reactive nonmetals -combine easily with metals to form salts- "halogen" means "salt former" -consist of two solids(T,At)one liquid(Br) two gases at RT (F, Cl) -7 valence electrons |
| Group 18 Elements: The Noble Gases? | -Virtually nonreactive nonmetals -stable -Happy valence electrons |
| Describe Density Trend? | There isno definite trend going left right or up down |
| What is Atomic Radius? | -Measured from the center of two atoms in a diatomic molecule. --Rb-distance/2=0.248 (two atom molecules with same atoms bonding to each other) |
| Define Sheiding Effect? | When core electrons block some of the pull from the nucleus, reducing the pull of the outer electrons _ makes it large |
| Atomic radius trend? | -Decreases going across period(electrons are added to same energy level) -Increases going down(electrons added farther away energy levels) |
| Describe Ionization energy? | -Energy required to remove an electron from an atom or an ion-- measured in kJ/mol (energy) |
| Ionization trend? | -Increases going across period -Decreases going down -Ionization energy is + - Noble gases will tend to have more Ion. energy |
| What is Electronegativity? | -How willing an atom molecule is to bring in an extra electron |
| Electronegativity trend? | -Increases going across a peroid (tendency to gain an electron) -Decreases going down a group (more resistance) F-highest Fr-lowest |
| What is Electron Affinity? | -energy change: represents losing energy |
| Electon Affinity trend? | -Increases going across period- there are more electrons in the same energy level;getting closer to noble gas -Decreases going down a group-electrons become farther away from the nucleus -Negative vaules-think absolute value |
| What are Natural Elements? | -atomic #s 1-92 exculding Tc(43) -are made in stars; violent reactions occur, left overs make up natural elements |
| What are "so rare we don't care" elements? | -Pr -At -Fr (so rare considered unnatual) |
| What are Fusion Reactions? | -Primary sorce of energy -Mass exchanged for energy -4 H fuse to 1 He nucleus -Mass Defect=energy --mass of He nucleus < mass of 4 H (mass not conserved) |
| What is Nuclear Fusion? | -Primary fusion in stars |
| Explain Fusion Reactions? | -Start with small=big. |
| What do Fusion reactions require? | -Lots of energy, but spit out a lot of energy -man-made fusion first performed: 1950s' Bomb |
| What are Fission Reactoins? | -opposite of Fusion -first discovered by Rutherford -make new elements by hitting them with paricles really fast -resulting in breaking apart of element/absorption of fast particle -Start with big=small |
| A Fission reaction made the first synthetic elememt..? | Tc - created by bombarding molybdenum targets with deuterons) -eventually found naturally in nature |
| Fission reactoins: | Nuclear Bullets -p+ -n() -alpha particles (He nuclei) -beta particles(just electrons) |
Created by:
sbrocks
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