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Stack #4723511
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| King William’s War | War between the British, French and their Native American allies over control of North America from 1689 |
| King Anne’s War | War between the British, French and their Native American allies over control of North America from 1702 |
| King George’s War | War between the British, French, Spanish and their Native American allies over control of North America from 1744 |
| Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War) | War between the British, French, Spanish and their Native American allies over control of North America that resulted in a British victory, but at a great financial cost. |
| George Washington | Young colonel of British colonial militia forces who suffered several defeats during the French and Indian War, but gained valuable military experience. |
| Edward Braddock | British general during the French and Indian War who suffered a disastrous defeat by a smaller force of French soldiers and their Native American allies near Fort Duquesne. |
| Albany Plan of Union | Benjamin Franklin’s proposal for an intercolonial government that could recruit troops and collect taxes for common defense that was not adopted, but was the first attempt at colonial unity. |
| Peace of Paris (1763) | Peace Treaty between Britain, France and Spain that ended the French and Indian War and resulted in British domination of North America east of the Mississippi River. |
| Salutary Neglect | Unofficial policy of relaxed royal control over colonial trade and government, which only weakened enforcement of the Navigation Acts and allowed for opportunities for colonial self |
| Pontiac’s Rebellion | Chief Pontiac led a vast Native American alliance against the British colonial frontier in an effort to stop the westward expansion of colonial settlers, but the British ultimately won. |
| Proclamation of 1763 | Law passed by the British Parliament in an attempt to stabilize the western frontier by making it illegal for colonists to settle land west of the Appalachian Mountains, which infuriated the colonists. |
| Parliament | Representative legislative body of the British government that made laws for the whole British empire, but did not include any direct representative from the British North American colonies. |
| King George III | Monarch of the British empire who encouraged Parliament to crack down on colonial rights and freedoms out of fear of losing the colonies, but as a result pushed the colonists toward independence. |
| Sugar Act (1764) | Mercantilist law that attempted to reduce smuggling by lowering the tax, but increasing the enforcement of tax collection on sugar and other luxury items in order to raise revenue to pay war debt. |
| Quartering Act (1765) | Law that required the colonists to provide food and living quarters for British soldiers. |
| Stamp Act (1765) | First direct tax placed on the colonists by requiring revenue stamps to be placed on all legal and economic documents, which greatly angered the colonists. |
| Patrick Henry | A young Virginia lawyer who spoke out against the Stamp Act in the House of Burgesses and later helped lead the call for independence by saying “Give me liberty, or give me death!” |
| Stamp Act Congress | Meeting between representatives from nine colonies that resolved that only their own elected representatives had the legal authority to approve taxes, which showed increased colonial unity. |
| Sons and Daughters of Liberty | Secret societies formed to protest against British taxes and organized actions such as boycotts, destroying revenue stamps, intimidating tax agents and the Boston Tea Party. |
| Declaratory Act (1766) | Law passed by Parliament along with the repeal of the Stamp Act which asserted that Parliament had the right to tax and make laws for the colonies in all cases. |
| Townshend Acts (1767) | Taxes passed by Parliament on tea, glass, paper and other items in order to pay crown officials directly instead of receiving their pay from colonial governments, which angered the colonists. |
| Writ of Assistance | General licenses to search anywhere that crown officials could use to enter colonists homes or businesses instead of needing a warrant from a judge, which greatly angered the colonists. |
| John Dickinson | Colonial rights leader and vocal critic of the Townshend Acts who argued colonial assemblies had the right to review taxes in his published Letters from Farmers in Pennsylvania. |
| Letters from Farmers in Pennsylvania | Series of published letters written by John Dickinson that criticized the Townshend Acts and advocated for colonial assemblies to have the right to review taxes. |
| James Otis | Co author of the Massachusetts Circular Letter and lawyer from Massachusetts who advocated for the repeal of the Townshend Acts and famously said “no taxation without representation. |
| Samuel Adams | Master anti British propagandist and leader of the Sons of Liberty who co |
| Massachusetts Circular Letter | Plea written by James Otis and Samuel Adams to all colonial assemblies to unite against the British and the Townshend Acts, which resulted in vastly increased tension with Britain. |
| Lord Frederick North | New prime minister of Parliament who organized the repeal of the Townshend Acts, but was also prime minister throughout the American Revolution. |
| Boston Massacre | Crowd formed outside the Boston customs house in March 1770 and started harassing the British soldiers who shot and killed five colonists, which became a rallying cry of anti |
| Crispus | Attucks Dockworker of mixed African and Native American heritage who was one of the five people killed by British soldiers in the Boston Massacre. |
| Committees of Correspondence | Colonial organizations throughout the colonies that regularly exchanged letters about suspicious or potentially threatening British activity, which increased colonial unity. |
| The Gaspee | British customs ship that caught several colonial smugglers that ran aground in Rhode Island and was destroyed by an organized group of colonists disguised as Native Americans. |
| Tea Act (1773) | Law passed by Parliament that reduced the price of imported British tea below that of smuggled Dutch tea in an effort to end the boycott and help the British East India Company. |
| Boston Tea Party | Sons of Liberty members disguised as Native Americans boarded British ships in Boston Harbor and dumped their tea into the sea in protest of the Tea Act, which led to a harsh British response. |
| Intolerable Acts | Name given by the colonists to the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act, which Parliament passed in response to growing anti |
| Coercive Acts (1774) | Four laws passed by Parliament with the goal of punishing the colonists of Boston and Massachusetts and bringing them back under strong British control. |
| Port Act (1774) | Part of the Coercive Acts, this law closed the port of Boston and stopped trade in and out of the harbour until the destroyed tea was paid for. |
| Massachusetts Government Act (1774) | Part of the Coercive Acts, this law reduced the power of the Massachusetts legislature while increasing the power of the royal governor. |
| Administration of Justice Act (1774) | Part of the Coercive Acts, this law allowed royal officials accused of crimes to be tried in Great Britain instead of in the colonies. |
| Quartering Act (1774) | Part of the Coercive Acts, this law expanded on the earlier Quartering Act and enabled British soldiers to be quartered in private homes in any colony. |
| Quebec Act (1774) | Law passed along with the Coercive Acts that gave land along the Ohio River claimed by Massachusetts and other colonies to the colony of Quebec, which had no representative government. |
| Enlightenment | Intellectual movement led by philosophers such as John Locke and Montesquieu that focused on reason over religion and emphasized the role of the individual in solving societal problems. |
| Deism | Belief in God held by many Enlightenment thinkers, but in one who had established natural laws in creating the universe and then rarely intervened by allowing people to make their own choices. |
| Rationalism | Belief held by many Enlightenment thinkers to trust human reason to understand the natural world and respond to societal issues. |
| Social Contract | Enlightenment concept of the people holding all societal power, but entering an agreement to give up some of that power to form a government in exchange for protection of life and liberty. |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher who helped create the idea of the social contract, which heavily influenced colonial leaders such as John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Jefferson. |
| Jean Jacques Rousseau | Enlightenment philosopher who built on John Locke’s idea of the social contract in his work The Social Contract, which influenced many colonial leaders. |
| Thomas Paine | Colonial leader and author who wrote Common Sense and was one of the earliest advocates for complete separation from the British empire and the forming of a new independent country. |
| Common Sense | Widely read and influential pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that included easy to understand arguments for colonial independence and direct attacks on King George III and the monarchy. |
| Intolerable Acts | Name given by the colonists to the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act, which Parliament passed in response to growing anti |
| First Continental Congress | Convention held by representatives from every colony except Georgia in response to the Intolerable Acts and continued British abuses of power, but little support for independence. |
| Patrick Henry | Delegate from Virginia to the First Continental Congress who helped lead the more radical call for the greatest concessions from Britain. |
| Samuel Adams | Delegate from Massachusetts to the First Continental Congress who helped lead the more radical call for the greatest concessions from Britain. |
| John Adams | Delegate from Massachusetts to the First Continental Congress who helped lead the more radical call for the greatest concessions from Britain. |
| George Washington | Delegate from Virginia to the First Continental Congress who helped lead the moderate call for some concessions from Britain, not too many. |
| John Dickinson | Delegate from Pennsylvania to the First Continental Congress who helped lead the moderate call for some concessions from Britain, not too many. |
| John Jay | Delegate from New York to the First Continental Congress who helped lead the conservative call for only a statement of protest being sent to Britain. |
| Joseph Galloway | Delegate from Pennsylvania to the First Continental Congress who helped lead the conservative call for only a statement of protest being sent to Britain. |
| Suffolk Resolves | Statement endorsed by the First Continental Congress that called for the immediate repeal of the Intolerable Acts and for colonies to start military preparations and boycott British goods. |
| Declaration and Resolves | Statement passed by the First Continental Congress that urged the king to redress colonial grievances and restore rights, but also recognized Parliament’s right to regulate commerce. |
| Economic Sanctions | Actions taken to harm the economy of Great Britain that were enforced by the Continental Association created by the First Continental Congress in order to pressure the British. |
| Lexington and Concord | Places where the colonists were storing military supplies that became the first battle sites of the American Revolution when the British attempted to take the military supplies. |
| Paul Revere | Silversmith and member of the Sons of Liberty that helped warn the Minutemen of the British march on Lexington and Concord. |
| William Dawes | Member of the Sons of Liberty that helped warn the Minutemen of the British march on Lexington and Concord. |
| Minutemen | Members of the colonial militia who could be summoned and ready within short notice, which resulted in them playing a major role in successfully repelling the British at Lexington and Concord. |
| Bunker Hill | Early battle of the American Revolution near Boston that resulted in the British taking the hill, but after suffering over a thousand casualties, which boosted morale for colonial forces. |
| Second Continental Congress | Convention held by colonial representatives in response to fighting breaking out that at first attempted to negotiate reconciliation with Britain, but ultimately voted for independence. |
| Declaration of the Causes and Necessities for Taking Up Arms | Statement written by John Dickinson that was passed by the Second Continental Congress to explain why the colonies had taken up arms. |
| Olive Branch Petition | Statement passed by the Second Continental Congress directly to King George III, in which they asked him to intervene and secure peace and the protection of colonial rights. |
| Prohibitory Act (1775) | Law passed by Parliament with King George III’s support after he rejected the Olive Branch Petition, which declared the colonies in rebellion and established a naval blockade of all the colonies. |
| Thomas Jefferson | Delegate from Virginia to the Second Continental Congress and main author of the Declaration of Independence. |
| Declaration of Independence | Document adopted by the Second Continental Congress that declared the independence of the United States and the reasons why the colonists were fighting for their independence. |
| Patriots | Name given to colonists who supported the independence of the United States. |
| Tories / Loyalists | Name given to colonists who opposed the American Revolution and remained loyal to King George III and the British. |
| Valley Forge | Continental Army’s camp in Pennsylvania during the harsh winter of 1777 |
| Continentals | Paper money issued by the Continental Congress that became essentially worthless due to rampant inflation. |
| Battle of Saratoga | Major American victory in which General Benedict Arnold secured the surrender of British General Burgoyne’s army, thus convincing the French to ally with the United States against the British. |
| Absolute Monarch | Royalty with control of almost all government power such as King Louis XVI, who did not originally want to join a revolutionary movement, but did want to hurt his traditional British enemy. |
| George Rogers Clark | Led the capture of a series of British forts in the Illinois country, which allowed the Americans to take control of vast parts of the Ohio territory. |
| Yorktown | Last major battle of the Revolutionary War in which General Washington, with the support of the French navy, forced the surrender of British General Charles Cornwallis. |
| Treaty of Paris (1783) | Peace treaty that ended the American Revolution and resulted in the independence of the United States and established the Mississippi River as the western border of the United States. |
| Daughters of Liberty | Society formed by and for women to protest against British taxes and organized boycotts before the war and during the war provided supplies and supported the Continental Army. |
| Mary McCauley | Also known as Molly Pitcher, she assisted Continental Army troops, but took her husband's place in an artillery unit during the Battle of Monmouth. |
| Deborah Sampson | Disguised herself as a man in order to serve in the Continental Army for over a year. |
| Republican Motherhood | Idea that women needed to be educated in order to raise the next generation of citizens for the new republic, which elevated women to a newly prestigious role in society. |
| Abigail Adams | Early advocate for women’s rights who continually campaigned to her husband, John Adams, to expand the rights and involvement of women in American society and politics. |
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