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DD Chem Ch 5

QuestionAnswer
2. List the seven homonuclear diatomic elements you need to remember. The seven homonuclear diatomic elements are Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine, Chlorine , Bromine, and Iodine. (A common mnemonic to remember them is "Have No Fear Of Ice Cold Beer").
5. Which of the following atoms is the largest? Cu, Cs, Ca, Co Cs (Cesium). (Atomic size increases as you move down a group and right to left across a period; Cesium is located in Period 6, Group 1, making it the largest of the options).
6. Which of the following atoms is the most electronegative? Ga, Ba, As, S, O O (Oxygen). (Electronegativity increases moving left to right and bottom to top on the periodic table; Oxygen is at the top-right among these non-noble gas choices).
8. Is it possible for a molecule to be composed of polar covalent bonds and still be a purely covalent (nonpolar) molecule? Yes. If a molecule has a symmetrical shape (such as $\text{CF}_4$ or $\text{CO}_2$), the individual bond dipoles cancel each other out, resulting in a overall nonpolar (purely covalent) molecule.
9. Which kind of molecule (ionic, polar covalent, or purely covalent) has charges that are free to move around? Ionic compounds (specifically when melted or dissolved in water, where the charged ions are free to flow and conduct electricity).
10. Which kind of molecule (ionic, polar covalent, or purely covalent) has charges that are weaker than the charges on a proton and electron? Polar covalent molecules (they possess partial charges, $\delta^+$ and $\delta^-$, which are fractionally smaller than the full $+1$ or $-1$ integer charges of protons and electrons).
14. Fill in the blank: The active ingredient in soap is a long molecule with one end that is ionic, and one end that is __________. purely covalent (or nonpolar). (This dual nature allows soap to bind with nonpolar oils at one end and polar water at the other).
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