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S.S. Test: key terms
westward expansion and industrialization
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Manifest Destiny | 1800s belief that Americans had the right to spread across the continent. |
| Transcontinental Railroad | Railroad connecting the west and east coasts of the continental US |
| Benefits of the Transcontinental Railroad | Transporting material, people, product, goods, and other supplies was so much faster and easier which helped industrialization be extremely efficient. |
| Negatives of transcontinental railroad | hurt Native Americans (reservations, buffalo); environmental impacts; many faced high rates |
| reservations | Areas of federal land set aside for Native Americans |
| Homestead Act | 1862 - Provided free land in the West to anyone willing to settle there and develop it. Encouraged westward migration. |
| Capitalism | An economic system based on private ownership of businesses (U.S. system) |
| Robber Barons | Refers to the industrialists or big business owners gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled t |
| Cornelius Vanderbilt | United States businessman who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877) |
| Andrew Carnegie | Built a steel mill empire |
| John D. Rockefeller | Established the Standard Oil Company, the most powerful monopoly known in history |
| Corporation | A business that is owned by many investors. |
| stock | A share of ownership in a corporation. |
| Monopoly or Trust | One company dominates an industry |
| Sherman Antitrust Act | First federal law attempting to prevent unfair monopolies |
| Laissez-faire | Idea that government should play as small a role as possible in economic affairs (began to change during Second Industrial Revolution) |
| assembly line | In a factory, an arrangement where a product is moved from worker to worker, with each person performing a single task in the making of the product. |
| Henry Ford | United States manufacturer who used the assembly line to mass produce cars |
| mass production | Process of making large quantities of a product quickly and cheaply |
| assembly line disadvantages | -variety is low -no product design changes -labor boredom -more management required |
| assembly line advantages | More products available, faster production, reduced costs, more simple jobs |
| Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire | (1911) 146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions) |
| why children were used in factories | cheap labor |
| labor union | An organization of workers that tries to improve working conditions, wages, and benefits for its members |
Created by:
31rivera