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Hisory Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the "Three Sisters" | Corn, Beans, Squash |
| When did agriculture begin? | 5,000 BC |
| Introduction of the horse to the Plains cultures provided ________ | mobility and status |
| What animals did the Europeans bring to the Americas | Domestic Animals like Pigs and Horses |
| Why was Bartolome de la Casas important? | He spoke out against the cruel and abusive treatment of the Indians by the Spanish |
| What region did Mestizos come from? | Latin America, including Mexico, Central America, and South America. |
| What region did metis come from? | Canada (primarily the Canadian prairies) and parts of the northern United States. |
| America gave _____, _______, and ______ to Europe. | corn, beans, potatoes |
| Europe gave _____, _______, ______, and ______ to America. | rice, wheat, barley, oats |
| What was the advantage of the columbian exchange? | Resulted in modern associations between places and foods; Ended centuries of geographical separation |
| What was the downside of the columbian exchange? | The exchange of the transmission of infectious diseases brought by Europeans and enslaved Africans |
| What were the three main regional groups in Eastern Woodlands. | Algonquian, Iroquoian and Muskogean |
| Eastern Woodlands were the first to encounter _________. | Europeans |
| Which societies of the Eastern Woodlands were dominated by women? | Iroquoian and Muskogean |
| Where were the Eastern Woodlands located | Atlantic Seaboard and Gulf Coast |
| Which region Inhabited wigwams and longhouses and built dugout canoes from trees | Eastern Woodlands |
| Aztecs Warfare | Aggressive people constantly raiding neighboring societies to acquire slaves and sacrifices to their gods |
| Whats the capital of the Aztecs | Tenochtitlan; founded in A.D. 1325 on Lake Tetzcoco |
| Aztecs had beliefs centered on connection between ____________ and sacredness of ____________ | Human life; Natural elements |
| Algonquians are part of what region | Eastern Woodlands |
| Powers like Spain and _____ seek to bypass trade with Italian merchants | Portugal |
| Where and How did Portugal discover the Americas | Focused primarily on Africa and the Indian Ocean, but it also intersected with the Americas through pre-contact theories, northern voyages, and the official discovery of Brazil. |
| Columbus believed a _______ route to Asia was possible | western |
| Which person accidentally discovered America, yet believed they were in Asia? | Christopher Columbus |
| Diseases that ravaged the aztecs | Smallpox |
| How many indigenous people died to disease | Millions |
| Sir Walter Raleigh attempted an English colony in North America with the lost colony of _________ | Roanoke |
| Characteristics of New England colonies | The Puritans, harsh geography, marine economy |
| Which settlement enjoyed more cooperative and mutually beneficial relationships with native peoples than was typical with the Spanish and English | French Settlement |
| French fur traders married or fathered children with the Indians (______) | Merits |
| Capital of New France | Quebec ; Founded in 1608 |
| Charles II's brother _______ was pro-Catholic and clashed with Parliament | James II |
| English elites invited James's daughter ____ to rule England with her husband ___________________ | Mary; William of Orange |
| Relatively bloodless transfer of power in which Parliament reasserted its authority and role in governing ________ | England |
| What are Puritans? | Reform-minded English Calvinists who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church |
| Which group is known for their self-governing congregations | The Puritans |
| Which religious group was the first to speak out against slavery? | Quakers |
| Separatists faced persecution and prompted to leave England for Puritans (T/F) | False |
| Puritans wanted to strip down to the basics by eliminating ______ rituals and formal trappings | Catholic |
| What is indentured servitude? | Colonist agreed to several years of labor in exchange for the cost of passage to America and a grant of land; harsh life and limited rights but not permanent like slavery |
| Why was indentured servitude created? | Introduced to meet labor shortages |
| What is indentured servitude like? | Harsh life and limited rights but not permanent like slavery |
| Which of the following was the leader of the Massachusetts Bay colony who envisioned a "city upon a hill" and had an intolerance towards Catholics, Anglicans, Baptists, and Quakers? | John Winthrop |
| What did John Winthrop believe in? | Believed in civil authority for enforcing religious beliefs and ensuring social stability |
| What did Roger Williams do? | Championed individual liberty and spoke out against treatment of the Indians |
| What did Roger Williams believe in? | Williams believed in the total separation of church from state and freedom from coercion in spiritual matters |
| What city was built on land purchased from the Indians after Williams was banished and was known as the democratic “sewer of New England” | Providence |
| What is the Great Awakening | A wave of Christian revivals and intense spirituality in the colonies |
| What did Bacon's Rebellion conflict with | Neighboring Indians on the frontier |
| What were the causes of Bacon's Rebellion | Discontent with Governor William Berkeley’s administration and social tension between rich and poor Virginians |
| What was going on in Salem in 1692? | Witchcraft hysteria |
| What is witchcraft understood as in the present | Understood as either bored teenagers causing a stir, or by women stepping outside their traditional place, or by personal feuds within the community |
| What was the motive of witchcraft? | Some accusations were motivated by practical benefits and self-interest |
| Which colony contained more women? | English |
| Colonists brought women over deeply rooted prejudices imported from Europe (T/F) | True |
| Which gender was epected to focus time and energy in the domestic sphere and had severely limited rights | Women |
| Women weren't active in church membership (T/F) | False |
| What effect did King Philip's War caused? | Ended native power in New England |
| What led to King Philip's War? | Indians and English settlers feared and resented each other, growing violence due to retaliatory attacks against each other |
| How long was King Philip's War? | 14 months |
| What is the Middle Passage | Transatlantic voyage shipping slaves from West Africa to the Americas |
| What was New England Economics | Trading, Fishing, and less reliance on slave labor agriculture |
| What was the Proclamation designed for? | Keeping peace with the Indians and prevent further encroachment by colonists |
| What were the effects of the Proclamation of 1763 | Set a boundary along the Appalachians from Canada to Georgia, forbidding any settlement to the west of it |
| Who helped boost morale by writing The American Crisis, as-well as the influential pamphlet Common Sense, which convinced colonials to embrace independence? | Thomas Paine |
| Why was the battle of Saratoga important? | It convinced France to agree to an alliance with the Patriots |
| American army led by ________ _____ caught and defeated Burgoyne's army at Saratoga | Horatio Gates |
| British generals ____ and _______ planned an assault on New York | Howe; Burgoyne |
| What was the Treaty of Paris? | British agreed to American independence and the Mississippi River as the western boundary of the United States |
| Indians had a say in real estate shifts (T/F) | False |
| British commander Charles Cornwallis led his forces into Virginia; picked _________ as his base of operations | Yorktown |
| How long was the battle of Yorktown | 3 weeks |
| Washington coordinated with French allies to surround, cut off, and destroy the main British army during the battle of Yorktown )(T/F) | True |
| Why was the battle of Yorktown important? | Parliament and the king decided to stop sending troops and agreed to negotiate |
| Who Rejected “divine right” of absolute royal power, insisted instead on natural rights to life, liberty, and property, and that governments were established to protect those rights | John Locke |
| Which country did Loyalists belong to | England |
| British forces counted on rallying support from _______ in Virginia and the Carolinas | Loyalists |
Created by:
Angel Guerrero