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The Muscular System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The main function of the muscular system is ____________ | movement |
| muscles ___________ in order to produce movement. They pull, never push!! | contract |
| where the muscle is attached to a movable bone | insertion |
| where muscle is attached to an immovable bone | origin |
| maintain posture, stabilize joints, and generate heat | other functions |
| muscles most responsible for producing a certain movement. ex: biceps brachii (bulges when it curls in forearm flexion) | prime movers (agonists) |
| muscles that oppose or do the reverse of a certain movement, stretched or relaxed when a prime mover is active, regulate prime movers by adding resistance, opposite side of a joint. ex: triceps brachii in a forearm flexion | antagonists |
| muscles that help the prime mover, such as stabilizing across a joint or adding some "oomph" | synergists |
| synergist muscles that specifically immobilize the muscle's origin bone to increase the prime mover's effectiveness, help maintain an upright position | fixators |
| striated muscles of the heart that contract involuntarily to pump blood throughout the body | cardiac muscle tissue |
| nonstriated muscles in the walls of visceral organs that contract involuntarily to propel objects/substances down internal passageways | smooth muscle tissue |
| striated muscles generally attached to bones that contract voluntarily to produce movement | skeletal muscle tissue |
| contractile unit of the muscle, each myofibril is a chain, separated by z discs (or Z line) borders on each end, thick filaments contain contractile protein myosin, thin filaments contain contractile protein actin | sarcomeres |
| levers and our joints = our bones | fulcrums |
| a rigid bar that moves on a fixed point (the fulcrum) when a force is applied to it | lever |
| the applied force used to move a resistance (load) | effort |
| if the effort is farther from the fulcrum than the load is, then the lever has a _______________ ____________ | mechanical advantage |
| if the effort is nearer to the fulcrum than the load is, then the lever has a _______________ ____________ | mechanical disadvantage |
| the effort is applied at one end of the lever, and the load is at the other, with the fulcrum in between (like seesaw) | first-class lever |
| the effort is applied at one end of the lever, and the fulcrum is at the other, with the load in between (like wheelbarrow) | second-class lever |
| the effort is applied between the load and the fulcrum (like tweezer) | third-class lever |
Created by:
AudreyO