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MT Chapter 11
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| or/o, stomat/o | mouth |
| gingiv/o | gums |
| dent/o, odont/o | tooth |
| gloss/o, lingu/o | tongue |
| gastr/o | stomach |
| esophag/o | esophagus |
| enter/o | intestines |
| duoden/o | duodenum (first section of the small intestine) |
| jejun/o | jejunum (second section of the small intestine) |
| ile/o | ileum (third section of the small intestine) |
| col/o, colon/o | colon (large intestine) |
| sigmoid/o | sigmoid colon |
| rect/o | rectum |
| an/o | anus |
| proct/o | anus and rectum |
| sial/o | saliva |
| bil/i, chol/e | bile (gall) |
| abdomin/o, celi/o, lapar/o | abdomen |
| cyst/o | bladder |
| doch/o | duct |
| hepat/o, hepatic/o | liver |
| pancreat/o | pancreas |
| peritone/o | peritoneum (membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most abdominal organs) |
| aerodontalgia | tooth pain caused by exposure to air |
| aphagia | inability to eat |
| dentalgia | tooth pain |
| dyspepsia | bad digestion |
| esophagalgia | pain in the esophagus |
| eupepsia | good digestion |
| gastralgia, gastrodynia | stomach pain |
| gingivalgia | gum pain |
| gingivostomatitis | inflammation of the mouth and gums |
| hematemesis | vomiting blood |
| hyperemesis | excessive vomiting |
| odontalgia, odontodynia | tooth pain |
| stomatitis | inflammation of the mouth |
| stomatodynia | mouth pain |
| constipation | difficulty passing feces |
| diarrhea | passing of fluid or unformed feces |
| dysentery | another name for diarrhea |
| enterodynia | pain in the intestines |
| hemorrhoid | inflammation of the veins surrounding the anus |
| rectalgia | rectal pain |
| cholecystalgia | pain in the gallbladder |
| jaundice | yellowing of skin, tissue, and fluids caused by increased levels of bilirubin in the blood |
| icterus | another name for jaundice |
| sialorrhea | excessive salivation |
| gastromalacia | softening of the stomach |
| gastroparesis | partial paralysis of the stomach |
| gingivitis | inflammation of the gums |
| gingivoglossitis | inflammation of the gums and tongue |
| glossoplegia | paralysis of the tongue |
| odontoclasis | breaking of a tooth |
| stomatogastric | pertaining to the mouth and stomach |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| anophony | sound from the anus |
| flatus | medical term for passing gas |
| hernia | rupture or protrusion of an organ through the wall that normally contains it |
| steatorrhea | excessive fat discharged in the feces |
| ascites | retention of fluid in the peritoneum |
| biligensis | formation of bile |
| cholelith | gallstone; literally "a stone in the bile" |
| hepatomalacia | softening of the liver |
| hepatomegaly | enlargement of the liver |
| hepatoptosis | downward displacement of the liver |
| pancreatolith | stone in the pancreas |
| sialoangiectasis | overexpansion of the salivary vessels |
| sialolith | stone in the saliva |
| sialostenosis | narrowing of the salivary glands |
| cholangiogram | record of the bile vessels |
| cholangiography | procedure for mapping the bile vessels |
| cholangiopancreatography | procedure for mapping the bile vessels and pancreas |
| colecystogram | record of the bile (gall) bladder |
| pancreatography | procedure for mapping the pancreas |
| anosigmoidoscopy | procedure for looking at the anus and sigmoid colon |
| endoscope | instrument used to look inside |
| endoscopy | procedure of looking inside |
| esophagogastroduodenoscopy | procedure for looking inside the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum |
| esophagoscopy | procedure for looking inside the esophagus |
| fecal occult blood test (FOBT) | test of feces to discover blood not visibly apparent |
| gastroscope | instrument for looking at the stomach |
| gastroscopy | procedure for looking at the stomach |
| laparoscope | instrument for looking inside the abdomen |
| laparoscopy | procedure for looking inside the abdomen |
| nasogastric tube | tube inserted through the nose into the stomach |
| peritoneoscopy | procedure for looking at the peritoneum |
| proctoscope | instrument for looking at the anus and rectum |
| proctoscopy | procedure for looking at the anus and rectum |
| sigmoidoscope | instrument for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| sigmoidoscopy | procedure for looking at the sigmoid colon |
| colonscopy | procedure for looking at the colon |
| bariatrics | branch of medicine dealing with weight issues |
| dentifrice | toothpaste |
| dentist | specialist in teeth |
| dentistry | branch of medicine dealing with teeth |
| gastroenterologist | specialist in the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterology | study of the stomach and intestines |
| orthodontics | branch of medicine dealing with the straightening of teeth |
| orthodontist | specialist in straightening teeth |
| proctologist | specialist in the anus, rectum, and colon |
| proctology | branch of medicine dealing with the anus, rectum, and colon |
| epigastric | upper center portion of the abdomen |
| hypochondriac | upper side portions of the abdomen |
| hypogastric | lower center portion of the abdomen |
| inguinal | lower side portions of the abdomen |
| lumbar | middle side portions of the abdomen |
| umbilical | middle center portion of the abdomen |
| esophagitis | inflammation of the esophagus |
| gastritis | inflammation of the stomach |
| gastroenteritist | inflammation of the stomach and intestines |
| gastroenterocolitis | inflammation of the stomach, intestine, and colon |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease | disease in which acid comes up from the stomach and damages the esophagus |
| gingival hyperplasia | overformation of gum tissue |
| glossopathy | disease of the tongue |
| glossotrichia | overdevelopment of bumps on the tongue, making the tongue appear to be hairy |
| periodontitis | inflammation of region around the teeth |
| pyloric stenosis | narrowing of the sphincter at the base of the stomach |
| stomatomycosis | fungus condition of the mouth |
| stomatosis | mouth condition |
| colitis | inflammation of the colon |
| duodentitis | inflammation of the duodenum |
| enterocele | hernia of the intestines |
| enteropathy | disease of the intestines |
| fistula | any abnormal passageway in the body that shouldn't be there |
| anal fistula | abnormal opening between the rectum and exterior perianal skin |
| colovaginal fistula | abnormal opening between the colon and vagina |
| diverticulitis | the inflammation of diverticula in the colon |
| diverticulosis | the condition of having diverticula in the colon |
| celiac disease | disease of the intestines due to an adverse reaction to gluten |
| iletis | inflammation of the ileum |
| ileocolitis | inflammation of the ileum and colon |
| jejunitis | inflammation of the jejunum |
| jejunoileitis | inflammation of the jejunum and ileum |
| malabsorption | incomplete or lack of absorbing nutrients from the intestines |
| proctitis | inflammation of the anus and rectum |
| proctoptosis | downward displacement of the rectum and anus |
| rectitis | inflammation of the rectum |
| ulcerative colitis | inflammation of the colon, characterized by ulcers |
| celiomyositis | inflammation of the abdominal muscle |
| celiopathy | disease of the abdomen |
| colangitis | inflammation of the bile vessels |
| cholecystitis | inflammation of the bile bladder |
| choledochocele | hernia of the (common) bile duct |
| choledocholithiasis | presence of a stone in the (common) bile duct |
| cholelithiasis | presence of a gallstone |
| cirrhosis | liver disease named for the change of color in the liver |
| hepatitis | inflammation of the liver |
| hepatosclerosis | hardening of the liver |
| laparocele | abdominal hernia |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of the pancreas |
| pancreatolithiasis | presence of a stone in the pancreas |
| peritonitis | inflammation of the peritoneum |
| sclerosing cholangitis | inflammation and hardening of the bile vessels |
| sialoadenitis | inflammation of the salivary glands |
| sialoadenosis | a condition of the salivary glands |
| sialolithiasis | presence of salivary stones |
| cholangioma | tumor of the bile vessels |
| colorectal carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the colon or rectum |
| esophageal carcinoma | cancerous tumor of the esophagus |
| hepatocarcinoma | cancerous tumor of the liver |
| hepatoma | tumor of the liver |
| antacid | agent that neutralizes acid |
| antiemetic | agent that prevents or relieves nausea or vomiting |
| cathartic | agent that produces bowel movements |
| sialagogic | agent that causes salivation |
| esophagectomy | surgical removal of the esophagus |
| esophagogastroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the esophagus and stomach |
| gastrectomy | surgical removal of the stomach |
| gastroduodenostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and duodenum |
| gastroenterostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and the inestines |
| gastrojejunostomy | creation of an opening between the stomach and the jejunum |
| gastropexy | surgical fixation of the stomach |
| gastroplasty | surgical reconstruction of the stomach |
| gingivectomy | surgical removal of gum tissue |
| gingivoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the gum tissue |
| glossoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the tongue |
| glossorrhaphy | suture of the tongue |
| glossotomy | incision into the tongue |
| odontectomy | surgical removal of a tooth |
| anastomosis | creation of an opening: a surgical procedure connecting two previously unconnected hollow tubes |
| anoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus |
| colectomy | surgical removal of the colon |
| colostomy | creation of an opening in the colon |
| duodenectomy | surgical removal of the duodenum |
| enterectomy | surgical removal of the intestines |
| enterorrhaphy | suture of the intestines |
| enterotomy | incision into the intestines |
| hemicolectomy | surgical removal of half (a portion) of the colon |
| hemorrhoidectomy | surgical removal of hemorrhoids |
| herniorrhaphy | suture of a hernia |
| ileocolostomy | creation of an opening between the ileum and colon |
| ileorrhaphy | suture of the ileum |
| ileostomy | creation of an opening in the ileum |
| ileotomy | incision into the ileum |
| jejunorrhaphy | suture of the jejunum |
| jejunostomy | creation of an opening in the jejunum |
| jejunotomy | incision into the jejunum |
| proctoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the anus and rectum |
| rectoplexy | surgical fixation of the rectum |
| abdominocentesis | puncture of the abdomen (usually for the purpose of withdrawing fluid) |
| abdominoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the abdomen |
| celiotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| cholangiogastrostomy | creation of an opening between the bile vessel and the stomach |
| cholecystectomy | surgical removal of bile bladder |
| choledochoenterostomy | creation of an opening between (common) bile duct and the intestines |
| choledocholithectomy | surgical removal of a stone form the (common) bile duct |
| choledochotomy | incision into the (common) bile duct |
| cholelithotomy | incision to remove bile stones |
| choleelithotripsy | crushing of bile stones |
| hepatectomy | surgical removal of the liver |
| hepaticogastrostomy | creation of an opening between the liver and the stomach |
| hepaticotomy | incision into the liver |
| hepatopexy | surgical fixation of the liver |
| laparoenterostomy | creation of an opening between the abdomen and the intestines |
| laparoscopic surgery | the use of a laparoscope to perform minimally invasive surgery |
| laparotomy | incision into the abdomen |
| pancreatectomy | surgical removal of the pancreas |
| pancreatoduodenectomy | surgical removal of the pancreas and duodenum |
| pancreatolithectomy | surgical removal of stones in the pancreas |
| sialoadenectomy | surgical removal of a salivary gland |
| sialolithotomy | incision to remove salivary stones |
| stomatoplasty | surgical reconstruction of the mouth |
| BE | barium enema |
| BM | bowel movement |
| CCE | cholecystectomy |
| EGD | esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| ERCP | endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography |
| EUS | endoscopic ultrasound |
| FOBT | fecal occult blood test |
| GERD | gastroesophageal relfux disease |
| GI | gastrointestinal |
| HAV, HBV, HCV | hepatitis A virus, hepatits B virus, hepatits C virus |
| IBD | inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | irritable bowel syndrome |
| LFT | liver funciton test |
| NGT | nasogastric tube |
| NPO | nothing by mouth (nil per os) |
| N&V | nausea and vomiting |
| PEG | percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy |
| PEJ | percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy |
| PUD | peptic ulver disease |
| RLQ | right lower quadrant |
| RUQ | right upper quadrant |
| LLQ | left lower quadrant |
| LUQ | left upper quadrant |
| UGI | upper gastrointestinal |
Created by:
hkreider