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Discovery of Atom

QuestionAnswer
Democritus ideas Basic Idea, Atoms are held together, Atoms can be subdivided
John Dalton All mater is made of atoms, Atoms of an element are indentical in size, mass, etc. Atoms cannot be subdivided/created/destroyed, Atoms of diff elements can combine to make compounds, Atoms are combined/seperated/rearranged in chemical reactions
What did Dalton add that was new? Atoms of an element are indentical in size, mass, etc, Atoms of diff elements can combine to make compounds, Atoms are combined/seperated/rearranged in chemical reactions
JJ Thompson summarize his experiment Cathode Ray tube: Shot electrical rays through a vacuum tube + used magnets and electrical plates to bend them towards a positive charge
What did Thompson add that was new? Discovered the electrons and proved atoms are divisible
Robert Millikan summarize his experiment Oil drop: Sprayed tiny oil drops into an electric field, charged them w/ x rays and adjusted the voltage to suspend them midair
What did Millikan add that was new? Measured the exact charge of a single individual electron and was negative and small
Ernest Rutherford summarize his experiment Placed a radioctive particle in gold foil
What did Rutherford discover? The nucleus (has a positive charge)
Why was Rutherford surprised by his experiment? He thought particles would go through a straight line only but actually, some bounced back
How did Rutherford's results fit with Thomson's view Atom is mostly empty space
Neils Bohr summarize his experiment Similar to Rutherford
What did Bohr add that was new? Electrons travel in fixed orbitals + fixed energy
How did Bohr overcome the problem with the Rutherford Model? Electrons don't just fall into the nucleus, they travel like planets around the sun
James Chadwick summarize his experiment Bombarded Beryllium w/ Alpha particles. The radiation showed higher than expected penetration. Could not be explained by protons alone.
What did Chadwick add that was new? Neutron
Created by: 1010159
 

 



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