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chapter 1
definitions and abbreviations
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Drug | is a biologically active chemical substances, usually an organic compound, that acts on living systems at the molecular level. (there are situations where a drug is an inorganic compound) |
| pharmacology | the study of drugs and their effects on living organisms |
| pharmacodynamics | the study of the action of drugs on living organisms |
| pharmacokinetics | the study of what the body does to a drug; the measurement of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drug from the body. |
| brand name | the manufacturer’s name, written with the first letter capitalized (e.g., Valium, Vazepam, Tylenol). |
| generic name | name for the chemical makeup of a drug, written in lowercase, first letter NOT capitalized (e.g., diazepam for Valium or Vazepam, acetaminophen for Tylenol). Generic drugs marketed without brand names are less expensive than brand name drugs. |
| Black Box Warning | is a warning placed on specific drugs, so everyone understand the serious safety concerns associated with the drug. BBW are typically about potentially fatal, life-threatening, or disabling adverse effects of the medication |
| chemically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug meet the chemical and physical standards |
| biologically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug produce similar concentrations of the drug in the blood and tissues |
| therapeutically equivalent | when two formulations of a drug prove to have equal therapeutic effects |
| orphan drugs | drugs developed to specifically treat rare medical conditions |
| toxicology | the study of the harmful effects of drugs on living tissues |
| contraindications | medical or physical conditions that make the drug inadvisable |
| synergism | getting more than the desired effects when taking two drugs (1+1>2) (e.g., oxycodone + acetaminophen = Percocet) |
| a | before |
| p | after |
| c | with |
| s | without |
| d | day |
| h | hour |
| q | every |
| ud | as directed |
| sig | write |
| cap | capsule |
| disp | dispense |
| stat | immediately |
| tab | tablet |
| Rx | prescription |
| qd | once a day |
| bid | twice a day |
| tid | three times a day |
| qid | four times a day |
| pc | after meals |
| ac | before meals |
| po | by mouth |
| prn | as needed |
| hs | at bedtime |
| q h (q4h) | every 4 hours |
| schedule I | highest abuse potential, no accepted medical use |
| schedule II | high abuse potential, written Rx no refills |
| schedule III | moderate abuse potential, faxed or electronic Rx nommore than 5 refills in 6 months |
| schedule IV | less abuse potential, faxed or electronic Rx nommore than 5 refills in 6 months |
| schedule V | least abuse potential, bought OTC |
| -olol | beta blockers |
| -pril | ACE inhibitor |
| -sartan | ARB (angiotensin-II receptor blocker) |
| -dipine | CCB (calcium channel blocker) |
| digoxin (Lanoxin) | cardiac glyoside |
| -ide | diuretic |
| -actone | potassium-sparing diuretic |
| -statin (not antifungal one) | antihyperlipidemic |
| -statin | antifungal |
| -tidine | H2 blockers |
| -prazole | PPI (proton pump inhibitor) |
| -azole | antifungal |
| -cillin | antibacterial |
| -cycline | tetracyclines |
| -fil | PDE 5 inhibitors |
| -vir | antiviral |
| -one | corticosteroids |
| -onate | bisphophonate |
| pam and lam | benzodiazepines |
| -pine | antipsychotics |
| pram/tine | SSRI |
| -line | TCA (tricyclic antidepressants) |
| -terol | beta-2 agonists |
| -triptan | anti-migraine (5-HT agonist) |
Created by:
kyragressett