Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
THTR 325 Exam #1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Golden Age of Greece | For our purposes we are looking at 534 BC to 404 BC |
| Greek Drama is talking about where only | Athens |
| Polis | city state - the vatican is this - So there is a little bit of social unrest bc of unfairness in power |
| AEROPAGUS | Wealthy citizens of Athens are the leaders |
| They appoint who that creates harsh unpopular laws | DRACO, Draconian |
| the hermoine type leader that created a new constitution | Solon - forbid enslavement of indebted athenians (dobby) - broke apart large estates, trade/travel |
| solon divided athens into four classes | Based on wealth and ability to perform military service Hogwarts houses Only the highest class could hold office |
| the four classes create what for the aeropagus | Aeropagus are still in power but the power is reduced so they are PISSED off like PMO |
| who took over during the controversial time of greece's golden age | Peisistratos - (just took power by seizing it) |
| Peisistratos did what for athens | Made Athens wealthy, powerful, center of culture The wealthy class are the records we have of him great Built first aqueduct tunnel in Athens |
| what is the moral of the story about golden age of greece | Athens is protected and wealthy - also pericles is a heavy handed ruler but institues festivals! |
| Pericles Common penalties | Branding Confiscation of land/wealth Exile |
| why is athens reliant on trade | The soil is very poor, a lot of rocks why pericles built the navy |
| Athens government | People love intellect legal system but never altruistic large curiosity |
| men vs women athens | men get everything and it revolves around land and power women just sort of stay inside and need to accept concubines |
| death practices in athens due to its severity in culture | departed soul does not have any suffering buried or burned otherwise they will take revenge bathed and dressed in flowers Coin is placed btwn teeth to pay boatman to hades Cut hair off and put on grave to honor dead 3rd day body carried thru streets |
| when did athens lose to sparta | 404 BC |
| what did multiple deities do to the cukture | Gods would fight against individuals Have a constant question for the human condition |
| what does greek drama explore | Unpredictability Look at people dealing with passions |
| greek festivals general info | (let’s get drunk) Celebrate not only the Gods but also people’s own success Kind of like 4th of July Showcase of wealth |
| City Dionysia | Honors Dionysus Big festival Especially celebrated the fermentation of new wine Also supposed arrival of Dionysus from Asia |
| Dionysus | Son of Zeus and a mortal Reared by satyrs He got killed bc he kept saying he was a god Somewhat associated with the seasons and aging |
| who established a lot of standards for the festivals | Pysistratus Instituting performances and theater |
| Dithyramb | a poem that is sung and performed - Oftentimes an improvised story - Become more about heroic myths |
| Coryphanos | Choral leader |
| The earliest performances were what kind of competitions | dithyramb |
| when theater, according to legend, began? | 534 BC |
| There were primarily how many greek festivals | four |
| People from all over persia would attend when in march and april? | When seas were calmest |
| Proagon | before the competition - The playwrights and maybe the actors - A preshow in many ways |
| Choregus(oi) | people who are honored by the city who help lead and produce the festival |
| Thymele | altar |
| rituals to cleanse the theater | pig’s blood around the seats lead a bull into the middle of the theater and slaughter it |
| Archon Eponymous | in charge of dates and production |
| how did the days of theater get determined | three playwrights were chosen Each was responsible for a whole day of theater Chosen by the archon |
| Choregus(oi) benefits | They don’t have to pay taxes for a year Their own trophy They vote on best dramatist They also paid for - Costuming - Instruments - Spectacle - props |
| how many actors in a tragedy | Three |
| Thespis | 534 BC "first" actor |
| who created the second character and wrote Agamemnon | Aeschylus |
| who is credited for creating the third actor | Sophocles |
| how many days for comedy in the festivals | one |
| what were the other days of the festival sometimes for | Dithyramb competitions |
| The festival needed about how many participants to make it happen | 1000 |
| If you dropped a line you were | catcalled by name |
| Demes | the way a city was broken down into - different festivals in different demes |
| festival In the month of Poseidon, winter months | Rural Dionysia - held on different weekends in different demes |
| what did they carry around aloft in the streets | giant phallus - Symbol for fertility, harvest, land |
| Feast of the Wine Vats in Janurary - February | Lenaia Festival - not in the demes - this one had old comedy |
| how did Aeschylus start writing | Dionysus visited him in his sleep and was like please do theater omg |
| how long did it take Aeschylus to be victorious in the festival | 15 years |
| how did Aeschylus die | Hawk dropped a turtle on his bald head thinking it was a rock and dropped it on his head killing him |
| Other Plays by Aeschylus | The Persians The Seven Against Thebes The Suppliants Oresteia Prometheus Bound |
| Satyr play | funny exploration of something |
| Structure of a Greek Drama | Prologue - Parados - First Episode - First Stasimon - Succeeding episodes and stasima - Exodos |
| Prologue | People already know what will happen, so it’s like how are we specifically gonna do it |
| Parados | Where the chorus first comes in |
| First Episode | Scene where characters talk for first time 5!! |
| First Stasimon | First greek presentation In between the episodes 5!! |
| Exodos | People leave |
| Aeschylus credited with: | - Creating costumes - Took leading part in his play and also playwrights in general - Also did the dances for everyone |
| clymenestra | badass to us, but example of a bad woman to greeks - textbook villain thats fun to watch - tons of dramatic irony esp bc audience knows story - sympathy for her not rly written in |
| cassandra | meant to feel bad for her - possible shock value if this is Escalus' first time using a third actor |
| ekkyklema | wagon used for dramatic reveals, workaround for the "no violence on stage" rule |
| mechane | literal crane an actor is hooked up to, descended on stage to a play a god, origin of phrase "deus" ex machina" |
| orestes | unsatisying ending for a hero - moment of doubt before killing clymenestra very critical - question: if thus killing ordained by a god is okay, not Agamemnon's? |
| what did Aeschylus do during first two plays besides third | he rushes through to get to 3 - about legality and psych - he wants to dissect society, not characters they are just vehicles for action |
| thing about the road and greek theaters | The stage is on the main road so they can use the same directions for coming in and out of town |
| Orchestra | Internal circle “Dancing area” |
| Altar | Thymele In the center of the orchestra |
| Audience | Around the circle of the orchestra on ⅔ sides |
| Skene | Entire building in the back of the orchestra circle We think there were three doors Where the word for scene came from A stage on top with steps down into the orchestra |
| Theatron | Seating bank |
| part of the later development of theaters | The skene has come into the circle, full circle still there but the stage comes into it Audience now goes past the 180 degree mark |
| Parados also means | The moment the chorus but also the name of the passageway where the chorus would enter |
| Proskene | The acting area |
| Paraskene | The backstage part |
| Theatre of Dionysus (Late 6th C) | Low brick wall, wood seats, weird building in the back Different stone buildings that got added later the volume will go all the way over 1200 seats stages taken down and put back up bc used for rituals during year |
| Theatre of Epidauros | Still used today Turned into kind of a tourist trap Pretty standard looking greek theater stereotype Was a part of a health clinic - Part of rehab treatment was to go see shows |
| kommos | a song sung alternately by the actor and the chorus |
| parallel between the areopagus council and what in the eumenides | the furies |
| eumenides means | the kindly ones |
| Major Themes in eumenides | Conflict between old and new Reconciliation of opposites Fear and justice Answering/changing history |
| what are we seeing in eumenides for the first time | We are seeing people use theater to have an agenda for the first time |
| Electra - Sophocles | Same story as libation bearers More accessible - Things actually happened instead of just a discussion of those things |
| Heroes of sophocles tragedies know what they are going to do and | they do it |
| electra and her fate | Electra chooses her own fate |
| electra and her sister | Move on grow up Weepy annoying sisters, counterpoint to main character Used to define Electra as a character, she is the only one that won’t move on - Show electra has determination |
| Most frequent winner of the dramatic competitions | SOPHOCLES - 18 times - Considered to be the most respected of playwrights |
| Won his victory at City Dionysia defeating | Aeschylus |
| SOPHOCLES Very much involved in political and defense discussions | Put in charge of the financial trust of athens Treasure of the allies Actors often hired to be spies |
| Considered to be the most perfect of tragenians | SOPHOCLES |
| Aeschylus created tragedy, but | Sophocles perfected it |
| Sophocles, why are you so great? | Created the third actor Chorus reduction Costumes and scenery improvements Entertaining! Heroes are presented as ideal figures |
| Chorus reduction sophocles | Subordination Made them much more artistic and increased their numbers But reduced their role to be more entertaining versus driving |
| But… was sophocles really that great? | No depth Kept to the status quo People are stupid in his plays |
| Sophocles Plays | Ajax Antigone The Women of Trachis Oedipus Rex Electra Philoctetes Oedipus at Colonus |
| the Sophocles plays are | the only of the 100 fragments preserved complete He won about half of the competitions he was in |
| Sophocles vs Aeschylus | Aeschylus is writing about intellect and philosophy Sophocles is writing to entertain Technically tragedy is that you learn from it |
| Electra and Egeseus dramatic irony | Dramatic tension and suspense to Egeseus’ response to the bodies But the audience all knows what is there |
| Classic Greek Tragedy Three Parts - Aristotle | Hamartia, Anagnorisis, Peripeteia |
| Hamartia | The hero makes their last mistake |
| Anagnorisis | “Oh shit” moment, character recognizes they made a mistake |
| Peripeteia | Endures the downfall |
| According to Aristotle the best tragedies have | all of these three greek tragedy parts happen at the same time - This is what Sophocles is celebrated for perfecting |
| Message of Electra | Well, there is not much to talk about this play According to Aristotle plot is much more important than character Writing to appease the audience Sophocles basically made Transformers |
| How to make Electra more women-centric | Electra is on stage the whole play The chorus is essentially in Electra’s mind An adaptation of revenge, an agenda |
| euripides mysterious past | Euripides got to be a naked dancer for the festival But then he started to question religion |
| euripides Unfaithful wives | We see a lot of his female characters are untrustworthy perhaps Euripides a misogynist? Or he is just asocial Is he good at writing women even if they are strong |
| What we do have about euripides | reactions to him |
| Aristophanes makes fun of Euripides | The Birds The Acharnians Thesmophoriazusae The Frogs - Public comedic plays done for everybody making fun of all kinds of stuff in Euripides life |
| Perception of euripides in assassins creed | you need to get him drunk to talk broodish and bookish |
| Euripides lived in | a cave - took up playwriting at 25 |
| euripides did not win a competition until | Aeschylus died |
| how many times did euripides win a festival | Won only four times, three while alive |
| what did euripides do in his writing | criticizing and questioning athens |
| how did euripides die | Rumors that he was ripped apart by dogs or also by women - But that is in the bacchae soooo |
| We have more of Euripides plays than any other writer Most famous: | Medea Electra Bacchae Cyclops (a satyr play) |
| Electra by Erupides: End as a deus ex machina | He presents more realistic characters but sacrifices a more realistic plot - Psychological realism Now the way that drama has developed Euripides is much more produced - Plays filled with conflict and doubt |
| Electra by Erupides: complains that her mother slept with another man while her father was away | Almost psychologically unstable about her relationship with mom Big virgin vibes here bc of that obsession |
| Electra by Erupides: Farmer rolling onstage being like im married to electra | "Wtf euripides why is electra in poverty why does he mess with stuff" - this was the people |
| why did people think euripides was too modern for his time | Characters have recognizable emotions Multifaceted personalities Good job of appealing to human emotions Faulting sexual passion as a cause of human downfall Passion can overwhelm us as humans |
| Euripides was frequently denounced for | blasphemy and Considered by scholars to be inferior as a craftsman |
| Euripides Electra Reactions: Only character that was relatively interesting | Electra Maybe Clymenestra also - he tried to save the kids in this one - She is like i try to explain myself but electra you are just going to twist my words - More villainous in the sophocles version which may be more fun |
| clymenestra death | Instead of death of a tyrant it's moreso upsetting Description of death is vivid, the kids freak out at the end because of the death of their mom, their murder of her |
| Euripides Electra Reactions: Egeseus | Everyone really hates him Mocks him, laughing stock of town but known as a nice guy Erestes kills him with a meat cleaver in his spine |
| Euripides Electra Reactions: Erestes | Same guy who will trick his sister will also stab a guy in the back and kill him in prayer Cunning vs valiant |
| Erestes arrives and doesn’t reveal himself | Sophocles: dramatic irony, reveal Euripides: doesn’t want to reveal himself, doesn’t want her to flip out |
| the euripides electra is showing | How humans react to situations |
| Greek Verse | Quantitative (versus qualitative) Iambic Trimeter Anapest Dactyl |
| Quantitative (versus qualitative) | Length versus Stress |
| Iambic Trimeter | U-U- / U-U- / U-U- |
| Anapest | For the chorus when they enter At the parados UU- |
| Dactyl | -UU |
| Greek Music | Kithara (lyre) - More controlled Aulos - Often translated as a flute but more like an oboe - More wild |
| Almost all stage directions are | added by translators and adaptors |
| Four Main Aspects of Greek Dance | Cheironomia Schemata Phota Deixix |
| Cheironomia | gestures |
| Schemata | patterns |
| Phota | How you step |
| Deixix | Who are you as a character |
| Emmeleia | dance style for comedy |
| Kordax | dance style for comedy |
| Sikinnis | dance style for saytr |
| Greek Female Costumes | Dorian Peplos Assumption that they had wigs Yellow was the most common color worn by women |
| Dorian Peplos | Big rectangular piece of fabric that is pinned by the fibulae around the soldiers |
| Greek Male Costumes | Status could be shown by animal skins or color Men given more character distinctions than women |
| Ionic Chiton | Most basic garment Large rectangular piece of fabric pinned differently around the soldier Length was status - Just above the knee was youth, mature men floor length |
| Kothurni | Boots worn by everyone |
| Petasos | Wide brimmed hat for someone travelling |
| Pilos | Hat worn by shepherds and workmen |
| Periaktos/oi | 3-sided prism w/ a pole thru the middle 3 different drawings on each side 3 types of plays |
| Theologeion | The top place where we lift the actors on Place for the Gods |
| Satyr Plays | Added these bc the tragedies don’t have dionysus And it’s like this festival is for him soooo - An humorous afterpiece for the tragedies |
| who created satyr plays | Pratinas - Created sometime between 534 and 500 BC |
| what was true about the chorus of a satyr play | The chorus HAD to be made of satyrs |
| Silenus | Recurring character in satyr plays Leader of the satyrs Like the homer simpson or peter griffin |
| what do we watch people do in satyr plays | We watch people misuse life Sex and drinking fire |
| satyr costumes | “With small little phalluses always erect” |
| Initially dramatist and actor were what | an actor |
| Credit thespis as the first actor but | So also first playwright He actually was 16th in line for actor but well yeah |
| who eventually abandoned the practice of acting in plays they wrote | Sophocles |
| what were greek performances like | - Really was a vocal competition - Not about gesticulation - considerable emphasis on the voice --- Adapting voice to the character - Facial expressions limited bc wearing a mask The award would go to the best vocal performance |
| Tragedy - 534BC (?) | Based on thespis but he was not the actual first actor |
| Comedy - 487 BC | There is a potential chance that comedy predates tragedy, but unsure |
| Maybe comedy came from komos | NOT kommos -- Mournful dirge |
| what is komos | Wild procession through the town - The phallus on the stick party - Mardi gras esque - People are in costumes and going wild |
| Maybe comedy came from doric mimes | - Small performances happening out and around the city at different times in the year - Non-choral performances - Burlesqued mythology |
| Comedy comes from what term for revel-song | komodia |
| Comedy details | Earliest plays we have characters speaking in iambics Feature choral odes with music Actors put on masks and costumes specifically for comedy |
| comedy masks | Comic male and female masks purposefully distorted Not seeing an ideal character Wore padding both in front and behind the mask to accentuate it |
| what kind of phallus did they use in a comedy | Wore a dangling phallus instead of an erect one |
| They selected five different plays to be held on one day in the festivals | Choruses larger, 12/15 Competing choruses |
| Eventually, during the war, they eliminated | a day of theater and just did three comedies, one after each tetralogy - Was this censorship? - Safety? |
| Comedy apparently became more popular than tragedy thanks to | Cratinus |
| We do not have any of Cratinus' plays, and yet we read from multiple people that he was incredibly inventive | Pytine - wine flask - Took to the extremes the self-referential - Married to the character Comedy |
| Dionysalexandros | Unheroic burlesques of mythology - Dionysus disguises himself as Paris and then gets turned into a ram - Justifying war |
| The only person we have plays of is: | Aristophanes We have ¼ of his total output - Under 20 when he composed his first comedy - Criticized as being too clever |
| You criticize leaders in the room | To the point that is their role to do so Comedies role is to be the court jester in front of the king |
| Satyr plays are | not criticizing society Old comedy is doing this, the purpose |
| Parabasis | Section where the chorus stands up and makes political statements But they also promote the playwright Criticizes other plays/writers Attacks political figures and audience Drop theatricality and talk directly to the audience |
| Happy Idea | Wild proposal, crazy insane proposal Some characters find something wrong w/ athens so they propose a happy idea to solve it - But this solution does seem ridiculous - Lysistrada - sex strike |
| Agon - Competitor | Where the happy idea is debated |
| Similarities btwn comedy vs tragedy | Both teaching how to be a better citizen - Tragedy shows you what you should do - Comedy shows you what you shouldn’t do Criticize the polis - Comedy uses more realistic means and criticism - Tragedy does it using myths |
| differences btwn comedy vs tragedy | Comedy always is set in modern day athens Tragedy is always set in the past, so the political analogies are not present Tragedy never admits that it is a theatrical performance Comedy self-references, more performative in nature |
| when did the peloponnesian war start | 431 BC vast differences between spartan and athenian culture originally allies |
| athens creates what to "protect greece" | delion league actually extorts people |
| what weakend athens during wartime | a plague that killed pericles |
| how does the war end | athens falls in 404, all of greece ravaged in the process actually 2 wars over a 14 yr period |
| point of lysistrada | point out how ridiculous society has become |
| what about lysistrada points out a different rule for comedy | performed with four actors |
| whose words were competing againts each other | plato and aristotle |
| plato background | when his father died his mother remmarried who was very involved in politics - then when athens was falling he was like hello no - when socrates was put to death he was liek HELL NO stick to our moral - follow the good |
| plato was always on the side of | principle order, managed by society's best thinkers |
| plato was religious as a | monotheist |
| plato was not interested in | logic more interested in the mystical not interested ingaining freedom, we all have the ability to have freedom |
| plato's "issues" in republic | content truth in art actors and representation influences imitation and emotion |
| content plato | society has right to limit what people can see media shows you what is okay |
| truth in art plato | art should represent the Truth art should educate and explore something about humanity |
| actors and representation plato | creates an untruth bc of how many times things go thru an interpretation |
| influences imitation and emotion plato | theater rouses bad emotions |
| aristotle relied more on | deductive logic, things that are observable he wanted to classify things |
| aristotle was born a long time after | the fall of athens plato was around during athens theater time |
| aristotle's hiearchy about theater | - plot (arrangement of events) - character - theme - diction - melody (overall sound) - spectacle |
| aristotle hated what about theater spectacle | deus ex machina |
| aristotle viewed tragedy that it is | an imitation of action liked very tight drama, did not like episodic |
| what were aristotle's other standards | unities, verisimilitude (believable recognition), the perfect tragedy |
| plato asks | what good is drama, all it does it rouse emotions and give bad examples |
| aristotle asks | what is good drama, likes us purging our emotions |
| plato argues | plays are imitations |
| aristotle argues | imitation is good |
Created by:
atallarida