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Ultimate Chem Stack
Atomic Theory, Atoms, Etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers, named ____ they argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos. | Leucippus and Democritus argued |
| English schoolteacher ___ helped to revolutionize chemistry with his hypothesis that the behavior of matter could be explained using an atomic theory. | John Dalton |
| Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory: Matter is composed of exceedingly small particles called ___ . An _____is the smallest unit of an element that can participate in a chemical change. | atom(s) |
| Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory: An ____ consists of only one type of atom, which has a mass that is characteristic of the element and is the same for all atoms of that element | element |
| Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory: Atoms of one element differ in _____ from atoms of all other elements. | properties |
| Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory: A ____ consists of atoms of two or more elements combined in a small, whole-number ratio. | compound |
| Postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory: Atoms are neither _____ nor_____ during a chemical change, but are instead _______ to yield substances that are different from those present before the change | created, destroyed, rearranged |
| all samples of a pure compound contain the same elements in the same proportion by mass | law of definite proportions or law of constant composition |
| He was best known for his discovery of the law of definite proportions in 1797 | Joseph Proust |
| when two elements react to form more than one compound, a fixed mass of one element will react with masses of the other element in a ratio of small, whole numbers | The law of multiple proportions states |
| The term “electron” was coined in 1891 by Irish physicist | George Stoney |
| discovered the electron | J. J. Thomson |
| created microscopic oil droplets, which could be electrically charged by friction as they formed or by using X-rays | Robert A. Millikan |
| He performed a series of experiments using a beam of high-speed, positively charged alpha particles. The father of nuclear physics. | Ernest Rutherford |
| The volume occupied by an atom must consist of a _. | large amount of empty space |
| a small, relatively heavy, positively charged body, the ___, must be at the center of each atom. | nucleus |
| the positively charged, subatomic particle found in the nucleus. | proton |
| an element could have types of atoms with different masses that were chemically indistinguishable. These different types are called ____ | isotopes |
| uncharged, subatomic particles with a mass approximately the same as that of protons. | neutrons |
| Where is a proton located? | nucleus |
| Where is a neutron located? | nucleus |
| where is an electron located? | outside of the nucleus |
| The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is its | atomic number (Z) |
| The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom is called its | mass number (A). |
| the difference between the mass number and the atomic number | The number of neutrons |
| State the equation to find the number of neutrons: | A – Z = number of neutrons. |
| when an atom is electrically charged and its called an | ion |
| atoms (and molecules) typically acquire charge by gaining or losing_. | electrons |
| An atom that gains one or more electrons will exhibit a negative charge and is called an | anion |
| Positively charged atoms called | cations |
| is an abbreviation that we use to indicate an element or an atom of an element. | chemical symbol |
| What is an amu? | Atomic mass unit |
| scientific instrument used to separate and measure spectral components | spectrometer |
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