Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Animal Behavior
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What percentage of animal in a species are typically in captivity? | A small percentage |
| Why might there be a larger precent of a certain species in captivity? | The species in endangered |
| Why does most of our information on animal behavior come from lab and domestic animals? | We have larger sample sizes, experiments can be done on them, close observation is possible |
| What contraints do animals face in the wild? | Competition with other animals, scarcity of resources, limited food |
| Is captivity an unfamiliar environment to most animals? | It might be at first, but most zoo animals are born in captivity, so they're used to it |
| Behavior early definition | Responses animals have to stimuli in the environment |
| Behavioral repertoire | All the behaviors of that species that are either genetically mediated or shaped through the environment via learning through experience |
| Three types of environment | Physical, social, internal |
| Physical environment | The habitat and weather an animal lives in |
| How can physical environment be manipulated in captivity? | Habitat structure and design, changing light cycles to stimulate breeding |
| Social environment | The social interactions and animal gets |
| How can social environment be manipulated in captivity? | Providing the proper social environment during various seasons |
| Internal environment | What happens inside the animal to stimulate behavior |
| How can internal environment be manipulate in captivity? | Stimulating various behaviors through changing environmental factors |
| Optimal behavior | Behavioral adaptations fueled by natural selection, which will pick the biggest difference between benefit and cost |
| Maximal behavior | Behavior that reaches for the higher possible output, often disregarding cost |
| Why are specialized animals harder to keep in captivity? | They have very specific needs that can be very hard to recreate in captivity |
| Why are generalists better in captivity? | They have far less specific needs and are generally easier to care for |
| What are the three levels of effect on behavior? | Genetics, behavioral development, short term day-to-day affects |
| How does genetics effect behavior? | Animals adapt behaviors through genetics that is useful for them in the wild |
| How does the genetic diversity of animals in captivity differ from animals in public? | Animals in captivity tend to have less genetic diversity and are at risk of genetic drifts of inbreeding |
| Genetic drift | When genetics become less diverse |
| Artificial selection | Breeding that prioritizes certain traits at the detriment of others |
| Explain the effects of the deer mouse experiment | As animals spend more generations in captivity, they lose certain traits that are helpful in the wild but become useless in captivity |
| Why are behavioral differences in captivity more quantitative rather than qualitative? | With such a small sample size, it can hard to know what is a proper behavioral difference and not a fluke |
| Behavioral development | Ongoing interaction with the environmental structures animals respond to |
| Sensitive period | Patterns that establish behavioral preferences |
| Pre-natal period | Stress on a pregnant mother can have consequences on the young |
| Early social environment | The way an animal is raised affects how they will live the rest of their life |
| What are problems tameness can cause? | Happens when animals are too close to humans, they might become tractable and docile |
| Filial imprinting | Happens when animals become too close to humans, they mistake their species for human |
| Sexual imprinting | Happens when animals become too close to humans, they mistake who they should mate with |
| Contrafree-loading | When animals have an easier feeding options available but still choose the more difficult ones |
| How does contrafree-loading give advantages in managed care? | It makes enriching animals easier |
| Redirection of behavior | An animal lacks appropriate behavioral outlets, so a behavior appears atypical in context |
| Spillover of arousal | Too much stimulation, can lead to stress |
| Conservation-withdrawal | Lacking appropriate outlets, an animal becomes inactive or submissive |
| What can conservation withdrawal be mixed up as? | Learned helplessness, although it is actually an adaptive response |
| Predictive information | Animals prefer to have information when experiences are going to happen, both good and bad |
| Stress | A chemical response to stimuli. Can be positive or negative |
| Stressors | Biological changes that illicit stress |
| Coping | A natural, evolved response to a stressor to mitigate it's impact |
| Distress | When coping fails or stress goes on too long |
| Is stress good or bad? | It depends. Stress can be good but too much is bad |
| Why might animals prefer predictive information? | It is a way for them to cope with bad situations/experiences |
| Stereotypy | A behavior preformed repeatedly and invariantly with no goal or function |
| Is stereotypy a symptom of poor welfare? | No, but it can be proof that an animal had poor welfare in past |
| Anticipatory behavior | A behavior directed at a goal |
| Appetitive phase | The active goal-seeking of food |
| Consummatory phase | The animal has food and is easting it |
| How do stereotypies differ from anticpatory behavior? | Anticipatory behavior has a goal, stereotypies do not |
| Anticipatory behavior in an animal with good welfare | Performed frequently but easily distracted |
| Anticipatory behavior in an animal with poor welfare | Performed infrequently but intense |
| Mis-match of environment | A need for stimulation |
| How can a mis-match of environment affect an animal in captivity? | Animals in the wild are geared for high performance, so when they get in captivity they can become out of sync with the environment |
| Affects of low stimulation | Decrease in stimulus-seeking behavior, lethargy, drowsiness, over-reaction to stimulation, auto-stimulation |
| Auto-stimulation | When an animal seeks natural behavior in an unnatural context |
| How much does space matter? | It depends. Carnivores tend to need more space, but animals don't use space evenly |
| Replication | Making a habitat the exact same way it is in the wild |
| Re-creation | Making the habitat similar but in a different form. More practical from a management standpoint |
| Is replication or re-creation perferred? | Re-creation |
Created by:
user-2052955