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Nursing Basics Vocab
Vocab from Mod 1&2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Florence Nightingale | An English social reformer, statistician and the founder of modern nursing. Nightingale came to prominence while serving as a manager and trainer of nurses during the Crimean War, in which she organised care for wounded soldiers at Constantinople. She linked hygiene to fewer wound infections. |
| Virginia Henderson | Created the 14 Basic Needs Theory. Because of her, nursing assists people with essential activities until patient can support their own independence. |
| Dorothea Orem | Created the Self Care Deficit Theory |
| Jean Watson | Created the Theory of Human Caring |
| National Academy of Medicine (NAM) | A global, multiprofessional organization pushing objective health data. It publishes Future of Nursing reports driving the push for 80% BSN rates and systemic health equity. |
| American Nurses Association (ANA) | Publishes the foundational Code of Ethics and Scope of Standards of Practice. |
| Primary Illness Prevention | Happens before a disease. Reduces the risks or exposure. (Ex. vaccinations, seatbelts, healthy habits) |
| Secondary Illness Prevention | Early in the disease's progression, when the illness is detected before complications arise. (ex. blood pressure, mammograms, colonoscopy) |
| Tertiary Illness Prevention | When a disease is established. This prevention aims to restore function to the patient and limit the effects of the illness. (ex. diabetes self-care, cardiac rehab, support groups) |
| Quaternary Illness Prevention | This is excessive risk intervention and prevents avoidable medical harm. (ex. low-value tests, drugs, treatment) |
| Health Care Delivery Systems | Incorporate interactions between health care providers and clients within the contraints of financing mechanisms and regulatory agencies. |
| Social Determinants of Health | Factors within the environment where a patient lives that affect their health, health outcomes, and overall quality of life. |
| Preventative Health Care | Focuses on educating and equipping patients to reduce and control risk factors for disease. (ex. immunization, stress management, occupational health, seat belt use) |
| Primary Health Care | Emphasizes health promotion and includes prenatal well-baby care, family planning, nutrition counseling, and disease control. It's a sustained partnership between patients and providers. (ex. office or clinic visits, community health centers, scheduled school or work centered screenings) |
| Secondary Health Care | Includes the diagnosis and treatment of acute illness and injury. (ex. hospital settings, diagnotic centers, urgent and emergent care centers) |
| Tertiary or Acute Health Care | Involves the provision of specialized and highly technical care. (ex. intensive care, oncology centers, burn centers) |
| Restorative Health Care | Involves intermediate follow-up care for restoring health and promoting self care. (ex. home health care, rehab centers, and skilled nursing facilities) |
| Continuing Health Care | Addresses long term or chronic health care needs over a period of time. (ex. end-of-life care, palliative care, hospice, adult day care, assisted living, and in-home respite care. |
| Registered Nurse | The lead member of the nursing team, soliciting input from all nursing team members and setting priorities for the coordination of patient care. They may have an associate's or a bachelor's degree in nursing. |
| Practical Nurse | Work under the supervision of RNs and possess technical knowledge and skills. Requires an educational course prior to taking the test. |
| Assistive Personnel | Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs), Certified Medical Assistants (CMAs), and non-nursing personnel, such as technicians. Work under the supervision of an RN or PN. |
| Erik Erikson's Theory of Psychosocial Development | Outlines eight distinct stages spanning from birth to late adulthood, where individuals face a core psychological conflict that shapes their identity and ego strength. |
| David Kolb’s Experiential Learning Theory | Knowledge is created through the transformation of direct, hands-on experience |
| Bloom's Taxonomy | A hierarchical framework created in 1956 to classify educational learning objectives into levels of complexity and specificity. |
| Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory | Nursing is required when an individual cannot perform the self-care activities needed to maintain their health and well-being. |
| Virginia Henderson’s Need Theory | Defines the role of nursing as helping individuals—sick or well—perform 14 basic daily activities needed to gain or maintain independence |
| Jean Watson's Theory of Human Caring | A holistic nursing framework that balances modern medical cures with the humanistic, spiritual, and emotional needs of a patient. |
| State Nurse Practice ACT & BON | Legal scope, titles, licensure, and discipline. They're the ones who determine if you're eligible to take the NCLEX test and be a nurse. They make strikes against or revoke your license. |
| Facility Policies | May narrow, but never broaden, the scope of your practice. |
| Individual Competence | Education, experience, current knowledge. Keep educating yourself outside of school. |
| Ethics | The study of conduct and character. |
| Code of Ethics | A guide for the expectations and standards of a profession. |
| Bioethics | The applications of ethics to health and life. It addresses dilemmas such as abortion, organ transplantation, gender reassignment, etc. |
| Ethical Advocacy | Supporting a defending a patients' health, wellness, safety, wishes, and personal rights, including privacy. |
| Ethical Responsibility | Willingness to respect obligations and follow through on promises. |
| Ethical Accountability | Ability to answer for one's own actions. |
| Ethical Confidentiality | Protection of privacy without diminishing access to high quaity care. |
| Autonomy | The right to make one's own personal decisions, even when those decisions might not be in that person's own self interest. |
| Beneficence | Action that promotes good for others without self interest. |
| Fidelity | Fullfilment of promises. |
| Justice | Fairness in care delivery and use of resources. |
| Nonmaleficence | A commitment to do no harm. |
| Veracity | A commitment to tell the truth. |
| Ethical Dilemmas | Problems that involve more than one choice and stem from differences in values and beliefs of the decision makers. A review of scientific data is not enough to solve it and the answer will have a profound effect on the patient and their situation. |
| Moral Distress | Nurses may experience this when in a difficult situation where the actions taken are different from what they identify to be ethically correct. It can manifest as guilt, insomnia, fatigue, withdrawal, and depersonalization. Support should be sought by the nurse. |
| Compassion Fatigue | Cumulative stress that develops from a desire to help those who are suffering combined with the inability to relieve that suffering, which results in a feeling of professional uselessness and self blame. It makes focusing difficult, anxiety rise, behavior disruptive, and sympathy challenging. |
| Unintentional Legal Breaches | Negligence and malpractice |
| Negligence | An unintentional mistake or careless act that could lead to avoidable harm or injury to a patient. |
| Malpractice (Professional Negligence) | Making a mistake or failing to act, breaking accepted medical rules and hurting a patient. |
| Quasi-Intentional Legal Breaches | Breach of confidentiality and defamation of character |
| Breach of Confidentiality | The unauthorized disclosure, access, or misuse of protected health information. |
| Defamation of Character | Making false, malicious, or derogatory statements about another individual that damage their reputation or standing in the community. |
| Intentional Legal Breaches | Assault, battery, and false imprisonment |
| Assault | A violent physical or verbal attack, or a credible threat that makes someone fear imminent physical harm |
| Battery | The intentional, unlawful, and unwanted application of physical force or contact on another person without their consent. |
| False Imprisonment | The intentional and unlawful restriction of a person's freedom of movement within a specific area without legal authority or consent. |
| Professional Negligence | The failure of a person who has professional training to act in a reasonable and prudent manner. |
| Informed Consent | A legal process by which a patient or their legally appointed designee has given written permission for a procedure or treatment after the provider explains and the patient understands the reason for the treatment, how it will benefit the patient, the risks of getting the treatment, and other treatment options including not treating. |
| Advanced Directives | Communication of a patient's wishes regarding end-of-life care should the patient become unable to do so. |
| Mandatory Reporting | The legal obligation to report findings in accordance with state law in situations of abuse and communicable disease diagnoses. |
| Office for Civil Rights (OCR) | Ensures organizations follow HIPAA and investigates HIPAA violations |
| HIPAA | Provides comprehensive protection for the privacy of protected health information and required health care institutions to take reasonable steps to limit the use or disclosure of PHI. |
| PHI | Individually identifiable health information that is transmitted or maintained, excluding educational records, employment records, and information on a person who has been deceased for over 50 years. |
| Secretary of the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) | This is who will be sent a notification form when a breach of PHI occurs or is suspected. |
| Covered Entity | A Health Plan or Health Care Provider that transmits and PHI in electronic form. |
| Individually Identifiable Health Information | Demographic information that identifies an individual or offers a reasonable basis for identification. |
| Limited Data Set | PHI that excludes direct identifiers of an individual. |
| Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) Codes and International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) Codes | Code sets for procedural and diagnostic billing. |
| Patient Rounds | Time when health care providers can communicate, learn, and talk about a patient's condition and plan of care. |
| Final Security Rule of 2003 | Requires the insurance of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of electronic PHI that is received, maintained, created, and transmitted. |
| Contact Transmission | Direct touch or touching a contaminated object. |
| Droplet Transmission | Large respiratory droplets reach the mucosa. |
| Airborne Transmission | Small particles remain suspended in the air or can be carried on airways. |
| Vehicle Transmission | Contaminated food, water, blood, or equipment. |
| Vector Transmission | Living carrier, such as an insect. |
| Innate Defense | The rapid and nonspecific defenses the body uses when infected. |
| Adaptive Defense | The specific response to an infection and memory after recognizing an antigen. You can only get specific responses when you've had the illness before or got a vaccine. |
| Local Response | Affected tissue is where immune response takes place. |
| Systemic Response | There is a whole body immune response. |
| Culture Tests | Identify the organism causing an infection. |
| CBC & Differential Tests | Assess the white blood cell response and pattern. |
| CRP/ESR/PCT Tests | Guage nonspecific inflammation or infection. |
| Imaging | Locate complications. |
| Medical Asepsis | Reduces the number and spread of disease-causing microorganisms. |
| Surgical Asepsis | Maintains objects and fields free of all microorganisms. |
| Near Miss | Error that doesn't reach a patient. |
| Safety Event | Error that has the potential to harm. |
| Adverse Event | Error that caused unexpected harm. |
| Sentinel Event | Error caused severe harm or death. |
| Procedure Time-Out | Before surgery, confirm the patient, the procedure, the site, and the team agreement. |
| Electrical Safety | Inspect cords and grounded plugs, keep hands dry, tag unsafe equipment |
| Chemical Safety | Read labels and SDS, use PPE and ventilation, know exposure response |
| Radiation Safety | Reduce exposure time, increase distance, use shielding |
| Fire Safety | Know the alarm, rescue, containment, evacuation, and extinguisher procedures |
| Chlorhexidine gluconate | A prescription antiseptic medicine used as a mouth rinse to treat gum swelling and bleeding or as a skin wash to stop infections |
| Exogenous HAI | An infection from pathogens found outside the body. |
| Iatrogenic Infection | Infection resulting from diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures. |
| Endogenous Infection | Circumstances that cause the normal flora to become altered and multiply. |
| Standard Precautions | Infection prevention practices that apply to all patients, regardless of infection status. |
| Transmission Precautions | Precautions added onto standard precautions that prevent the spread of transmissible pathogens to others. They are used when caring for patients suspected of having an infection. |
| Latex Irritant Contact Dermatitis | A dry, itchy, irritated reaction develops when exposed to latex. This is not a true allergy. |
| Latex Allergic Contact Dermatitis | Rashes and/or blisters develop 24-48 hrs after exposure to latex. This is a reaction to chemicals used when making latex products and not a true latex allergy. |
| Latex Allergy | Redness, hives, itching, runny nose, sneezing, itchy eyes, asthma, and anaphylaxis manifest within minutes of exposure to latex. This is a true latex allergy. |
| Survival Potential Class I | Emergent: the patient has a life threatening problem and has a high chance of survival with immediate treatment. |
| Survival Potential Class II | Urgent: the patient has a serious problem and has a high chance of survival with treatment in 30min-1hr. |
| Survival Potential Class III | Non-Urgent: the patient has a minor to moderate problem that can be treated in hours to days. |
| Survival Potential Class IV | Expectant: the patient has a life threatening problem with no chance of survival. They are provided comfort care only. |
Created by:
marinareagankhan